多因素作用下旅客多模式交通出行时间节省价值测算与应用

Calculation and Application of Saving Value of Travel time for Traveler Regional Multimode Transport under Multidimensional Factors Influence

为测算人、车及交通枢纽等多维因素作用下旅客多模式交通时间节省价值,基于活动分析法获取旅客全过程出行RP数据,将传统的普通铁路列车作为参考方式,建立多因素作用下旅客区域多模式交通出行效用与影响因素之间的函数关系模型。根据边际效用递减规律确定旅客区域多模式交通城际出行的时间节省价值计算方法,并将测算结果应用到旅客运输方式选择合理性判定与新建运输方式价格制定。研究结果表明:旅客乘坐飞机、高铁相对于普通铁路列车的时间节省价值分别为60.09元/h和24.18元/h;从综合运输体系多模式交通时间节省价值的角度考虑,年收入在(48 320,120 180)元,对应的月收入在(4 026,10 015)元的旅客适宜选择高铁出行,年收入高于120 180元,对应的月收入高于10 015元的旅客适宜选择飞机出行;另外,基于时间节省价值构建了新建运输方式定价公式,应用本研究提出的定价公式测算了武广通道高铁票价,结果表明基于时间节省价值测算确定的高铁票价为441.62元,与现在武广高铁的实际票价463.5元相比,误差率仅为4.72%,说明本研究测算的时间节省价值在新建运输方式定价方面具有较好的科学性和应用价值。研究成果可为我国现代综合运输体系构建过程中多模式交通的定价及资源配置提供较为科学的参考依据。

To calculate traveller saving value of travel time for multimode transport under the influence of multi-factor including people, vehicles and transport hubs etc. , the activity analytical method is used to obtain the RP data of traveller＇s overall-process travel. Taking traditional train taken as the reference, the model of functional relation among traveller＇ regional multi-mode travel utility and influencing factors under multi-factor effect is built. Based on the rule of marginal utility diminishing, the calculation method for time saving value of traveller＇ regional multi-mode inter-city transport is confirmed, and the calculation result is applied into reasonability judgment of traveller＇ transport mode choice and pricing of new transport mode. The research result shows that （ 1 ） the time saving values of traveller taking plane or HSR is 60. 09 yuan/h and 24. 18 yuan/h respectively compared with taking ordinary train; （2） from the view of travel-time saving value about muhimode transport, those whose annual income is in the range of 48 320 -120 180 yuan （monthly income is in the range of 4 026 -10 015 yuan） should take high speed train, and those whose annual income is higher than 120 180 yuan （ monthly income is higher than 10 015 yuan） should take airplane. In addition, the pricing formula of the new transport mode is constructed based on the time saving value. The ticket price of high speed train of Wuhan- Guangzhou line is calculated by the proposed pricing formula. The result shows that the error between the ticket price （441.62 yuan） determined based on the calculation of the value of travel-time saving and the actual ticket price （463.5 yuan） of Wuhan - Guangzhou line is only 4. 72%, indicating that the value of travel-time saving calculated by the proposed method is of high scientificity and application value to pricing newly-built means of transport. The research result can provide a more scientific reference for the pricing and resource allocation of multimode transport in the process of constructing modern integrated transport system of China.