基于多需求响应的定制公交绿色线网优化

Optimization of Green Customized Public Transport Network Based on Multiple Demand Response

通过对定制公交服务模式系统的探究,结合绿色交通理论,对多需求响应机制下的定制公交线网优化问题进行了系统研究。在已知乘客需求的条件下,以定制公交需求服务率、平均上座率、定制公交总成本3方面最优为目标,其中定制公交总成本为运营距离成本、运营时间成本、运营环保成本、运营固定成本3者最优,构建了多需求响应机制下的城市绿色定制公交线网优化模型。多种需求模型依次为单对多定制公交线网优化模型、多对单定制公交线网优化模型、多对多定制公交线网优化模型。对定制公交线网优化模型细化研究,设计了上车线网和下车线网相结合的分层线网算法。上车线网规划以改进的蚁群算法求解,上车线网与下车线网的连接规划通过聚类分析思想取得,下车线网规划以精确数学算法得到。以杭州市的定制公交线网为实例,对多对多定制公交线网优化模型和分层线网算法进行了验证。通过对方案对比分析和车型对比分析研究,分别以总里程、总时间、总成本、总体服务率为主得到了不同线路方案,通过算法分析得到了综合成本最优线路方案和各种方案下的不同车型配比模型。结果表明:基于分层线网算法提出的多需求响应机制下的绿色定制公交线网优化方案,满足社会、乘客、企业3方面需求,对定制公交线网系统优化问题提供了新思路。

The custom bus network optimization problem under muhi-demand response mechanism is studied systematically based on the exploration of the customized bus service mode system and the green traffic theory. Under the condition of known passenger demand, an optimization model of urban green custom public transport network under multi-demand response mechanism is constructed with the objective of optimizing bus demand service rate, average attendance rate, custom bus total cost （including optimizing operating distance cost, operating time cost, operating environmental cost, operating fixed cost）. The muhi-demand model in sequences are single-to-many customized bus network optimization model, many-to-single customized bus network optimization model, and many-to-many customized bus network optimization model. The hierarchical network algorithm combining on-the-car line and off-the-car line is designed based on the refinement study of the custom bus network optimization model. The planning of on-the-car line network is solved using the improved ant colony algorithm. The connection planning of on-the-car line network and off-the-line network is achieved through cluster analysis. The planning of off-the-car line network is gained by the exact mathematical algorithm. The optimization model of many-to-many custom bus network and the hierarchical line algorithm are verified taking the customized bus network in Hangzhou as an example. Through the comparative analysis of the schemes and the vehicle types, different line schemes are obtained respectively based on total mileage, total time, total cost and overall service rate. The comprehensive cost optimal line scheme and the different vehicle proportion models under different schemes are obtained according to the algorithm analysis. The result shows that the proposed green customized bus network optimization scheme under multi-demand response mechanism based on the hierarchical line network algorithm satisfies the needs of society, passengers and enterprises, and provides a new idea for the optimization of customized bus network system.