分配型协商民主：“项目进村”中村级民主的实践逻辑及其解释

Distributive Consultative Democracy: Practical Logic of Village-level Democracy during Project Entering Village

规范意义上的协商民主难以实现对村级政治社会现实问题的有效克服。这需要在协商民主理念要求的基础上,结合项目进村和村庄政治社会实际,作出推进当下村级协商民主的阶段性设计方案。而分配型协商民主正是作为协商民主一个阶段性方案而被提出。结合成都市村级公共服务项目实践经验,从组织设置、规则创制和机制运行三个层面呈现分配型协商民主的基本面向。研究表明,实现公共财政资源的有效承接、提升农民在项目承接中的主体地位,是分配型协商民主中组织和规则设置的基本要求;以需求为导向的项目供给与农民参与积极性的调动机制、有组织分层级的协商机制、协商中的村庄内生资源调动与整合机制和多元参与主体权利与义务平衡机制,构成分配型协商民主运行机制的主要方面。分配型协商民主契合当前项目进村和村庄政治社会实际,应成为当前和未来一个阶段推进村级协商民主的着力点。

It is difficult for the consultative democracy in the normative sense to effectively overcome the political society problems at the village level effectively. Based on the requirements of the concept of the consultative democracy, the paper combines the project into village and the realities of the the village political society, and then makes a periodical design scheme to promote the village-level consultative democracy. The distributive consultative democracy is proposed as a periodical scheme. Combining the practical experience of village-level public service projects in Chengdu city, this paper presents the basic orientation of distributive consultative democracy from three aspects, and they are the organizational setting, the rule creation and the mechanism operation. The distributive consultative democracy conforms to the project into the village and the village political society realities at present, and it should become a current and future focus of the government to periodically promote the village-level consultative democracy.