1927—1937年上海华界地区卫生改良活动探析——以上海市卫生局为中心

Health Service Improvement in Chinese-controlled Areas of Shanghai from 1927 to 1937—Research into Actions by Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau

1927—1937年南京国民政府统治时期,上海市卫生局在华界地区开展了一场卫生改良活动。这场活动的起因主要是华界地区卫生环境面临的困境、大上海计划的推动和社会精英的呼吁。卫生改良活动从卫生行政职能的优化、医疗机构的整合与新设、卫生宣传与疫病防治等方面展开。通过10年的努力,华界地区的卫生事业取得了长足进步,不但打破了租界垄断卫生资源的格局,提升了医疗卫生水平,还初步实现了卫生改良与"卫民兴族"的有机结合,但不可否认因受经费、环境等因素的影响,还存在一些不可忽视的问题。

During the period from 1927 to 1937 when Shanghai was under the control of Nanjing national government, Shanghai municipal health bureau carried out a large scale campaign to improve health service. This movement was due to the shortage of health services there, promoted by the plan of building Shanghai into ametropolis, and as a response to the calling of social elites. This health service improvement campaign included functional optimization of health administration, integration of medical facilities and establishing new ones, health publicity and prevention and treatment of epidemics etc. Through 10 years' effort, great achievements have been accomplished in health service in Chinese controlled areas. It not only broke the concentration of health service resources in leased areas of Shanghai and improved medical service level there, but also basically realized integration of health service improvement and "protecting the people to boom our nationality". However, there were still some undeniable challenges left due to the fund reasons and other problems.