重罚主义背景下的合作型环境法:模式、机制与实效

Cooperative Type of Environmental Law in Context of Severe Punishment:Mode,Mechanism and Effect

目前我国环境法不断强化企业环境违法责任,体现了重罚主义思想,是威慑型环境法的具体运用。但威慑型环境法具有成本高、对抗性强的缺陷。随着企业社会责任理论、治理理论、合作性司法理论的兴起,环境治理越来越重视通过合作来实现环境善治,合作型环境法因此应运而生。合作型环境法重视不同主体之间的合作,利用非强制性机制来促进环境治理,在最小成本的基础上实现环境保护效益的最大化。合作型环境法的实效关系到其正当性,环境合作降低了环境治理成本、改进了治理方式,提高了环境治理的绩效,当然,也应重视威慑在促进合作方面的作用,同时加强对环境合作的监督,以确保环境保护的绩效。

At present, China＇s environmental law has constantly strengthened the responsibility of corporate environmental violations, reflecting the idea of heavy penalties in the field of environmental law and is the specific application of deterrent environmental law. However, deterrent environmental law has the disadvantages of high cost and highly competitive. With the rise of corporate social responsibility theory, governance theory and cooperative judicial theory, environmental governance has paid increasing attention to environmental good governance through cooperation. Therefore, the cooperative environmental law has emerged. Cooperative environmental law values the cooperation among different subjects, uses non--compulsory mecha- nisms to promote environmental governance and maximizes the benefits of environmental protection on the basis of minimum cost. The effectiveness of the cooperative environmental law is related to its legitimacy. Environmental cooperation reduces the cost of environmental governance, improves the mode of governance and improves the performance of environmental governance. Of course, we should pay attention to the role of deterrence in promoting cooperation and strengthen the supervision of environmental cooperation so as to ensure the performance of environmental protection.