美军止血材料研究进展

Research progress in hemorrhage control products of U. S. army

从越南战争到伊拉克和阿富汗战争，出血一直是战场上伤员死亡的首要原因。美军研发并在战场列装应用了多种止血材料。美军在战场应用的止血带类型包括肢体止血带和身体结合部位止血带，止血产品主要包括HemCon绷带、QuickClot颗粒和纱布、Celox纱布、XStat等。笔者综述并归纳美军止血产品发展的三个趋势：院前应用止血带、重视身体结合部位出血控制和使用纱布型止血敷料，为充分了解美军战伤救治提供素材。

From Vietnam War to Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom, hemorrhage remains the leading cause of combat death. The U. S. army has made great strides in research and development of hemorrhage control products and various tourniquets and hemostatic dressings have been fielded on the battlefield. This paper introduces current status of hemostatie products and hemorrhage control products. Currently, there are extremity tourniquets and junctional tourniquets. The hemostatie products include HemCon bandages, QueiClot granular and gauze, Celox gauze, XStat, etc. Meanwhile, the author summarizes three development trends of US military hemostatic products, ie, prehospital application of tourniquets, emphasis on hemorrhage control in junctional regions, and gauze hemostatie adjuncts preference. This review offers materials for fully understanding war wound treatment of U.S. army.