人在世界中的位置——卡姆拉对盖伦哲学人类学的批判

The Position of the Man in the World:W.Kamlah's Critique on the Philosophical Anthropology of A.Gehlen

作为在世界之中的存在者,人所特有的存在方式是如何被揭示出来的?这是哲学人类学的基本话题之一。盖伦工作的显著特征是对周遭环境因素的考虑,并在"匮乏的生物体"意义上解释人的独特性的地位。卡姆拉认为盖伦夸大了人的自然属性,盖伦没有认识到,人作为唯一生物体拥有的不是"环境",而是"世界"。盖伦合理地揭示人类劳作与语言之间的相关性,但对于劳作中的语言问题并没有真正展开。卡姆拉指出了盖伦错误的实质:语言不应仅仅被视为人类的精神现象,而应该理解为具有语言的人类活生生的行为举止。通过对盖伦的批判,卡姆拉的建构主义哲学人类学获得三个向度:人的实际生存中的时间性维度;人的责任;语言的创制和使用。

One of the basic topics of philosophical anthropology is how a unique human existence to be revealed as in the world.Notable feature of A.Gehlen＇s work is to consider the factors of environment,and explain the unique characteristics of the human position in＂lack of sense of biology＂.W.Kamlah figured out that Gehlen exaggerated the nature of man,Gehlen did not realize that man as the organism was not only＂in the environment＂,but＂in the world＂.Gehlen reasonably revealed the correlation between language and human labour,but not expouding the human labour＇s language matter.Kamlah pointed out Gehlen mistakes that the essence of language should not only be as a spiritual phenomenon of human beings,but also to be understood as the language with human living behavior.Through the critique of Gehlen,Kamlah＇s constructive philosophical anthropology got three dimensions： the temporal dimension of human actual existence; human responsibility; the creation and use of language.