公共资源特许利益的限制与保护——以燃气公用事业特许经营权为例

Limitation and Protection of Privileges in Public Resources:A Case Study of Gas Utility Franchise

公共资源特许利益的性质随公共资源类型和用途等的不同而不同。例如,燃气特许经营权就是一种从事"公务活动"的资格,是为保障特许经营者能够履行行政法义务而赋予的具有财产价值的权利。这种财产价值体现为特许经营者有权获得合理回报。该权利在受到第三人侵害时,必须首先由行政许可机关提供救济。特许经营者除了提供连续而普遍的服务、不损害公共利益外,还要承担缴纳履约保证金、损害补偿或恢复原状、不擅自转让股权和向第三人提供担保、缴纳特许费、公开经营成本和收入支出信息、忍受不确定的行政管制、接受严密的行政监督和公众监督等义务。另一方面,为保障特许经营者的特许利益,行政机关应依法明确裁量基准,在更新或延续阶段赋予特许经营者相对优先权,建立协议的第三方审查机制,建立促进特许经营者合理盈利、保护其合理期待和免遭第三人侵害的机制,建立因行政管制导致特别损害的补偿机制。

The nature of the concessionary interest of public resources varies with the type and pur- pose of public resources. For example, a gas concession is a type of ＂official activity＂ that entitles prop- erty owners to guarantee the concessionaire＇s administrative law obligations. The value of this property is reflected in the franchisee＇s right to a reasonable return. When this right is infringed upon by a third par- ty, the administrative licensing organ must first provide relief. In addition to providing continuous and uni- versal service to the franchisees, without prejudice to the public interest, the franchisee shall also bear performance bond, damage compensation or restitution, unauthorized transfer of equity and guarantees to third parties, royalties, and operating costs income and expenditure information, bear the uncertainty of administrative control, accept strict administrative supervision and public supervision obligations. On the other hand, in order to protect the franchisee＇s interests, the administrative organ shall determine the basis of discretion in accordance with the law, give the franchisor relative priority during the renewal or renewal phase, establish an agreed third party screening mechanism, establish a reasonable profit for the franchisee, protect their mechanisms of reasonable expectation and protection against infringements by third parties, and establish compensation mechanisms that cause special damage as a result of administrative control.