德国行政诉讼中内部行为、程序行为的可诉性--管窥司法审查的边界

The Litigability of the Internal Act and Procedural Act in German Administrative Litigationz: View the Boundaries of Judicial Review

德国行政诉讼中对于内部行为的审查标准,采取所谓主观目的或者法规范目的标准,而不以内部行为是否对外客观产生影响为标准;对于行政程序中的中间行为,也在行政程序法中明确予以规定,原则上不能单独作为司法审查的标的,以保障行政机关在行政程序中的主导者地位。这些裁判标准或者法律规定,体现的是司法权审查和干预行政权的边界,司法机关对行政权的自我运行保持充分的尊重,对行政权的监督采取克制的立场,以避免司法权过分干预行政权。这些理念对于更加客观理性地认知行政审判的功能和作用,具有重要的借鉴和参考价值。

The standard for the examination of internal acts in administrative litigation in Germany adopts the standard of so-called subjective purpose or the purpose of law itself, without regard to whether or not the internal acts have an impact on the external objective. As for the intermediate acts in the administrative proceedings, it is also explicitly not be used alone as the subject of judici gi al ven in the Administrative Procedure Law Regulations and canreview by principle in order to protect the dominant position of administrative authority in the administrative process. These referee standards or legal provisi the judicial review and interference with the boundaries of the executive power. The judiciary ons reflect maintains full respect for the self-operation of the executive power and adopts a restraining position on the supervision of the executive power so as to prevent the judicial power from interfering with the administration excessively. These ideas have an important reference and reference value for more objective and rational cognition of the function and role of administrative adjudication.