低压环境下高密度压实黑火药柱燃速规律研究

Research on Burning Rate Law of High Density Compacted Black Powder in Low Pressure Environment

黑火药是一种经典的点火药,但其在低气压环境(高空)下的燃烧性能却鲜有研究。为了了解黑火药的低压燃烧性能,采用光-电靶法测试了不同药柱密度、不同温度和不同低压条件下高密度压实黑火药柱的燃速。研究结果表明,黑火药柱的燃速随环境压力的下降快速变小,燃速与环境压力呈线性关系。当环境压力下降到20 k Pa时,黑火药柱会出现瞎火或断火的现象;药柱密度增大,黑火药柱燃速逐渐变小,药柱密度对黑火药柱燃速的影响会随着环境压力的降低逐渐变大;温度升高,黑火药柱的燃速缓慢变大,同时温度对黑火药柱燃速的影响会随着环境压力的降低逐渐变小。也就是说,低压环境中,环境压力对黑火药柱燃速的影响比药柱密度和温度对黑火药柱燃速的影响要更大。通过双因素的数学拟合,建立了黑火药柱的燃速随环境压力和温度的变化规律。

Black powder is a classic ignition powder,but its combustion performance in low pressure（ high altitude） environment has been rarely studied. In order to research the combustion performance of black powder at low pressure,the burning rates of black powders with differential densities at differential temperatures and differential pressures are measured using an optic-electric target method. The research results show that the burning rate of black powder decreases linearly and rapidly with the drop of pressure,and the black powder can not be ignited or burning constantly at the pressure of ≤20 k Pa. The burning rate of black powder increases slowly as the decrease of density or the rise of temperature,and the effect of density or temperature on the burning rate of black powder can be gradually increased or reduced with the decrease in pressure. In general,compared with density and temperature,the pressure has more important effect on the burning rate of black powder. The change of the burning rate of black powder with pressure and temperature is established based on the mathematical simulation.