某高校506名离退休职工牙齿楔状缺损的调查分析

Investigation of wedge-shaped defects of 506 retiree people in a university

目的了解西北民族大学离退休教职工楔状缺损的发生和分布情况。方法按照第3次全国口腔健康流行病学调查标准和方法,采用随机抽样方法对506名55~85岁离退休教职工进行口腔健康调查进行问卷调查及口腔检查,并对牙体楔状缺损情况按年龄、性别、牙位、刷牙方式等方面进行统计分析。结果牙体楔状缺损在该调查人群中总患病率为32.60%,各年龄组差异有统计学意义,在65~74岁组达到高峰,但≥75岁组反而降低,患病率女性高于男性,差异有统计学意义;人均楔状缺损为2.27颗;楔状缺损充填率为20.03%,充填率女性均高于男性,差异有统计学意义。从牙位分布来看,楔状缺损发生率上颌高于下颌,所有牙位中发生率最高的是上颌第1前磨牙,且左右同名牙无差异,最不易患楔状缺损的牙为第3磨牙。不同刷牙方法发生牙体楔状缺损情况差异有统计学意义,采用竖刷牙式出现楔状缺损的机会低于横刷式和混合刷牙式。结论高校离退休人群中楔状缺损患病率较高,与牙位及刷牙方法关系密切;楔状缺损治疗及充填情况不乐观,需要加强口腔预防与保健的宣传教育。

Objective To know the occurrence and distribution of wedge-shaped defects of retired staff in Northwest University for Nationalities. Methods A total of 506 retiree people of 55-85 years old in the Northwest University for Nationalities were selected by the random sampling method and investigated with the oral health survey questionnaires and oral examinations according to the standards and methods of the third national oral health survey, and the results were analyzed statistically according to the age, sex, tooth position, and tooth brushing method. Results The total prevalence rate of dental wedge-shaped defects in the survey was 32.60%, and there was a significant difference among different age groups. The prevalence reached the peak in the 65-74 years age group and decreased in the /〉75 years old group. The prevalence in the females was higher than that in the males, and there was a significant difference. The number of wedge-shaped defects was 2.27 and the filling rate was 20.03%, and the filling rate in the females was higher than that in the males and there was a significant difference. From the distribution of tooth position, the incidence of wedge-shaped defects was higher in the maxillary than that in the mandibular, and no difference was found between the left and the right. The first premolars in the maxillary had the highest incidence of wedge-shaped defects but the third molar teeth had the lowest incidence. The different tooth brushing methods resulted in the different degrees of wedge-shaped defects, and the vertical brushing method resulted in the significantly lower opportunity for wedge-shaped defects than the transverse brushing method and hybrid method of brushing did. Conclusion The wedge-shaped defect prevalence is higher in the retiree people in this university, which is closely related to the tooth brushing method. The treatment and filling situation is also not optimistic, and therefore, the relevant authorities should strengthen the health education of oral disease prevention and heahhcare.