成都市妊娠期女性饮食行为及影响因素调查

Dietary behaviors and the influencing factors of pregnant women in Chengdu

目的了解成都市妊娠早、中、晚期女性饮食行为现状及其影响因素，为开展有针对性的健康教育提供参考依据。方法采用自行设计的问卷对成都市4所医院的妊娠早、中、晚期女性各600名进行调查，使用EpiData软件进行数据录入，使用SPSS17．0中文版统计软件对所得数据进行统计分析。结果成都市妊娠各期女性饮食行为总体较好，但仍存在偏食、水果和牛奶摄人过多、抽烟与喝酒等不健康饮食行为。营养相关知识主要来源于家人、朋友和报纸杂志。结构方程模型结果显示孕妇饮食行为受行为意向的影响，标准化回归系数（β）为0．301；行为态度和主观规范通过影响行为意向而影响饮食行为，β值分别为0．131、0．647；孕妇的文化程度直接影响饮食行为，β=0．226；家庭人均月收入通过影响行为态度而影响饮食行为，肚0．168；母亲文化程度通过影响主观规范而影响饮食行为，fl=o．217。结论妊娠各期女性饮食行为总体较好，但仍存在不健康饮食行为，应充分发挥医疗卫生人员的作用，做好孕期饮食相关健康教育，通过改变孕妇及其主要家庭成员饮食相关态度而改变其不健康饮食行为。

Objective To understand the status and influencing factors of the early, middle and late pregnant women＇s dietary behavior in Chengdu, so as to provide a reference for the development of targeted health education. Methods A self-made questionnaire was used to investigate the dietary behaviors of 600 pregnant women in early, middle, late stage of pregnancy from 4 hospitals in Chengdu. Data entry was carried out by EpiData software, and analyzed by Chinese version of statistical software SPSS 17.0. Results The status of dietary behavior of women in different stages of pregnancy was generally good. However, there were still unhealthy eating behaviors, such as partial food, excessive intake of fruit and milk, smoking and drinking alcohol. The knowledge of dietary behaviors was mainly from families, friends, newspapers and magazines. The results of the structural equation modeling showed that the dietary behavior of pregnant women was influenced by behavioral intentions, and the standardization regression coefficient fl was 0.301. Behavioral attitudes and subjective norms affected dietary behavior by influencing behavioral intentions, with ,8 values of 0.131 and 0.647 respectively. The education degree of pregnant women influenced dietary behavior directly （β=0.226） ; family per capita income affected eating behavior by influencing behavior attitude （β=0.168） ; and the mother＇s education degree affected dietary behavior by influencing subjective norms （β=0.217）. Conclusions The dietary behavior of pregnant women is generally good, but there are still some unhealthy eating habit. We should give full play to the role of medical and health personnel, give health education of pregnancy diet, and change the unhealthy dietary behaviors by changing the diet related attitudes of pregnant women and their family members.