对拉兹价值社会依赖性理论的反思——从价值是如何生成的视角看

Some Reflection on Raz's Dependece of Value on Social Practice Theory——From the perspective of how value is generated

本文从对拉兹价值哲学思想,尤其是他所提出的核心问题"价值的社会依赖性"命题分析入手,并试图运用马克思主义价值论"主体性"的视角来考察被认为是西方价值哲学最前沿的学者在探讨"价值是如何生成的"这一问题时的得失。从分析指出,拉兹看到了"价值的生成是建立在社会实践基础上的,不同甚至相反的价值现象是由于建立在不同社会实践上"这样一个客观事实。这样的认识使拉兹进一步得出"价值多元主义"的结论,但他声称这并未滑向"相对主义",拉兹与其他学者的论战重点是给价值的客观性找到一个基础,并力求说明价值的普遍性和社会依赖性之间的张力,且试图调和二者。综合来看,拉兹没有从"主体性"角度来看待这一问题,这导致拉兹在回答"价值是如何生成的?"这一问题时试图坚持价值客观性论证的不彻底性。随着中西价值学界对此主题的深入探讨,本文认为只有从"主体性"的视角才能对价值的生成问题做一个完满透彻的说明。

This Paper is based on Raz＇s Value Philosophy,especially analysis of his core issue that value is dependent on social practice,and tries to use the view of ＂ subjectivity＂ of Marxism value theory to inspect gain and loss of scholars at the forefront of western value philosophy when they discuss＂how value is generated＂. Raz realizes the objective fact that value is generated on the basis of social practice,and different or even opposite values are based on different social practices. This realization leads to his conclusion of ＂ value pluralism＂,but he claims it doesn＇t slide towards ＂ relativism＂. His arguments with other scholars focus on searching a basis for the objectivity of value,making efforts on explaining the tension between universality and social dependence of value,and trying to reconcile them. Taken together,Raz doesn ＇t look at the issue from a ＂ subjectivity＂ perspective,which led his unthoroughness of sticking to the objective argument of value when answering ＂ how value is generated？ ＂ With the in-depth discussion of Chinese and western academic community in value philosophy,this paper argues that only the perspective of ＂ subjectivity＂ can make a full and thorough explanation on the issue of value＇s generation.