财产所有的民主制与福利国家资本主义

Property-owning Democracy and Welfare State Capitalism

财产所有的民主制(property-owning democracy)是罗尔斯提出的最适合正义原则的社会制度安排之一。詹姆斯·米德启发了罗尔斯以尽量广泛分布生产资料所有权的方式来实现正义原则的思路。然而,许多学者将罗尔斯的理论看作是对福利国家资本主义的辩护。本文详细考察财产所有的民主制与正义原则之间的契合关系,厘清它与福利国家资本主义的区别,并进一步从正义原则的三个部分展开论证马丁·奥尼尔对福利国家资本主义的辩护不能成立,按照罗尔斯的观点,在允许生产资料私有的条件下,财产所有的民主制才最符合正义原则的要求。

Property-owning democracy is one of the ideal Rawlsian regimes that include arrangements designed to satisfy the two principles. The academic work of James Meade has inspired Rawls a lot in distributing the ownership of production as wide as possible to achieve the demands of principles of justice. However,many scholars thought that the theory of justice was a defense of welfare state capitalism. This article will examine the sources of Property-owning democracy and check the relationship between the principles and social systems to distinguish the difference between property-owning democracy and welfare state capitalism. A generous welfare state capitalism of Martin O＇Neil＇s idea cannot be justified. In Rawls＇ s opinion,property-owning democracy is the best suitable social system of the justice principles.