“一核多元”安宁疗护服务体系的构建——以社会需要理论为视角

Constructing Hospice Service System of "One Core with Multiple Elements" : From the Aspect of Social Need Theory

随着我国恶性疾病发病率逐年攀高,晚期病患群体成为社会的一个庞大的弱势群体,对安宁疗护服务的需要巨大且迫切。我国现有安宁疗护服务的供给在"质"与"量"上均无法满足当前需要。在这一背景下,2017年初,国家相继出台了一系列政策,推动安宁疗护服务实践的发展。但是,国家相关政策的有效推进与实施,还需要健全的安宁疗护服务体系予以支持。结合社会需要理论,针对安宁疗护服务对象的需要特点及社会需要供给的途径,构建"一核多元"的安宁疗护服务体系是必然选择。该体系的构建包括三个主要部分:一是确定该服务体系的构成,即以社区为核心、多元主体协同的服务体系;二是明确各供给主体的职责定位,合理分工,有效协作;三是完善相关的支持策略,包括安宁疗护服务人才的培养、行业准入标准的设立、生命教育的普及以及相关法律的设立和完善等。

With the incidence of malignant disease in China increased year by year,the late patients become a large and special vulnerable group,the need for hospice services is huge and urgent. China＇s existing supply of hospice services cannot meet the current need,not only in the aspect of ＂ quality＂,but also in the aspect of ＂ quantity＂. In this context,at the beginning of 2017,the state has introduced a series of policies to promote the development of hospice practices. However,the relevant policies need to be supported by the perfect hospice service system. Combined with the theory of social need,and considering the characteristics of the need of these late patients and ways of social need supplying,building a of the hospice service system with ＂ one core and multiple elements＂ is an inevitable choice. The construction of this system includes three main parts： one is to determine the composition of the service system. That is,community as the core subject with multi-subjects to coordinate the service,as well as the relationship between the subjects. The second is clarifying the responsibility of the subjects. The third is to develop relevant strategies to support this system,including the cultivating relevant human resources,formulating standards for admittance into hospice industry,popularizing life education and the establishing relevant laws.