滇池流域城区河道污染治理技术体系建立及工程应用

Construction and Engineering Application of Pollution Control Technology System for Urban River in Dianchi Watershed

昆明市主城区是滇池外源污染最严重的区域,截污工程的实施使点源污染得到了有效控制,但城市面源对入湖污染负荷的贡献率在逐年上升,城区河道成为城市面源汇入滇池的主要途径。针对污染现状,提出"岸带立体控污、沿程梯级减污"的城区河道污染治理技术体系,对治理空间缺乏、生态系统不健康的城区河道进行改造。通过最大程度地拦截入河的污染负荷,改善城区河道的生态环境,达到最终减少入湖污染负荷的目的。该技术方法在主城区污染负荷最为严重的新运粮河和新宝象河得到了良好的应用,两条河道的拦截工程对入河的氮、磷和COD拦截率均大于30%,原位减污工程对氮、磷和COD的削减率均大于10%。结果表明,该技术体系能够很好地指导不同情况下城区河道的修复,可为今后其他城区河道的治理提供有力的技术支撑。

The urban area of Kunming is the most serious area of external pollution in Dianchi wa- tershed. The point source pollution has been effectively controlled after implementation of sewage inter- ception project, but the contribution of urban non-point source （NPS） pollution load is increasing year by year. Urban river carries most of the urban NPS pollutants and merges into Dianchi Lake. In this situa- tion, technology system including riparian interception and riverbed pollutant reduction was established for restoring the urban rivers with narrow space and unhealthy ecosystem, so as to reduce the pollution load of the lake through interception of pollution load into the river and improve the ecological environ- ment of urban river channel. The technology was applied in Xinyunliang River and Xinbaoxiang River which were seriously polluted in the urban area. The interception rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and COD in the interception project were greater than 30% , and the reduction rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and COD in the in-situ project were more than 10%. The results show that the system can be used to guide the restoration of urban river in different conditions, and it could provide technical support for other urban river governance in the future.