《资本论》、经济运行与新时代的政策选择

“Capital”, Economic Operation and Policy Choice in the New Era

中国经济正处于建设现代化经济体系的关键时期。深入贯彻习近平总书记“学好用好政治经济学”的号召，将马克思主义政治经济学的基本原理和中国特色社会主义经济建设的伟大实践真正紧密地联系起来，既是准确地把握宏观经济运行规律，科学地制定党的经济政策的前提和基础，也是发展和创新马克思主义政治经济学的迫切需要。马克思在《资本论》中不仅深刻揭示了资本主义生产方式的本质及其历史发展趋势，而且还揭示了现代经济体系运行的一般机制和规律。这是在构建中国特色社会主义经济理论中《资本论》仍然具有生命力和意义的重要原因。本文以《资本论》中关于社会总资本再生产的原理为指导，分析了改革开放以来中国宏观经济运行机制及趋势，初步建立了以社会积累为核心的分析框架，对宏观经济运行的基本原理、决定因素进行了具体探讨，分析了我国经济增长的主要动力；以此为基础证明，我国未来宏观经济健康稳定运行和发展的保障是毫不动摇地坚持五大发展理念和推进供给侧结构性改革。

China＇s economy is in a crucial period of building a modern economic system. In-depth implementation of Gen- eral Secretary Xi Jinping＇ exhortation which is＂learning and making full use of political economy＂, and combining the basic prin- ciples of Marxist political economy with the great practice of building socialism with Chinese characteristics are required. These actions are not only the premise and foundation for accurately grasping the law of macroeconomic operation and formulating the party＇s economic policies scientifically, but also the urgent need of developing and innovating Marxist political economy. In ＂Capital＂, Marx not only deeply revealed the essence of capitalist production mode and its historical development trend, but also revealed the general mechanisms and laws governing the operation of modem economic system. This is an important reason why ＂Capital＂still has vitality and significance in the construction of the socialist economic theory with Chinese characteristics. Guided by the principle of social total capital reproduction in ＂Capital＂, this paper analyzes the mechanism and trend of China＇s macroeconomic operation since the reform and opening up, and initially establishes an analytical framework with social accumulation as the core. Besides, it discusses the basic principles of macroeconomic operation and determinants in details, and analyzes the main driving force of our economic growth. Based on this, it is proved that unswervingly adhering to the five major development concepts and pushing the supply-side structural reforms are guarantee of future macro-economy＇ stable operation and develop- ment in China.