德国法官职务监督制度及其对我国的启示——兼评《关于落实司法责任制完善审判监督管理机制的意见》

The Research on German Supervision System of Judges——About Opinion the Implement of Judicial Responsibility and Perfection of Mechanism of Supervision and Management

德国将职务监督定位为一种迥异于惩戒制度的内部监督机制,在协调独立与监督二者关系的过程中形成了一套以保障法官独立为目标、核心区域为禁区、轻缓化职务监督措施为辅助、职务法庭为保障的开放式监督管理体系。而我国由于审判监督管理机制的不健全,导致该场域经常成为法官与院庭长"角力"的战场。通过对德国经验的有益借鉴,建立以惩戒委员会为基础的中国特色职务法庭制度,借助个案判断为法官建立起保卫其基本权利的壁垒,为审判监督管理权的行使划出较为清晰的边界,这或许是一条解决审判监督管理实践困难的可行途径。

German scholars think Supervision System is the internal mechanism and different from the Disciplinary System. In order to balance independence and supervision,Supervision System forms the open System,which concludes the target of judge＇s independence,forbidden zone of the core area,mitigation of supervision measures and protection of the court. As a result of lack of the rules of supervision and management,the managing system of the courts is in a mess. According to the Germany ＇s experience,we should transform the disciplinary committee into the court. And we establish barriers to defend judge＇s basic rights with a case judgement.This may be the feasible ways to solve difficulties of supervision and management practice.