X射线诱导γH2AX焦点形成的定量分析及其致DNA双链断裂的动态变化

Quantitative analysis of γ-H2AX foci formation and dynamic changes in DNA double-strand breaks induced by X-ray radiation

目的 比较DNA依赖蛋白激酶催化亚基（DNA-PKcs^＋/＋）和DNA-PKcs^-/-小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞（MEF） X射线诱导γH2AX焦点形成的定量分析,并对鼻咽癌SUNE-1细胞进行X射线致DNA DSB动态变化。方法 采用蛋白印迹检测DNA-PKcs蛋白表达情况,细胞免疫荧光检测X射线5 Gy诱导的γH2AX焦点形成,通过ImageJ软件分析γH2AX焦点形成数量的差异。结果 DNA-PKcs在DNA-PKcs^-/-和DNA-PKcs^＋/＋ MEF细胞中分别表达缺失和正常。应用γH2AX焦点/细胞和γH2AX焦点/mm2分析方法动态分析X射线诱导的DNA-PKcs^＋/＋、DNA-PKcs^-/-MEF细胞和SUNE-1细胞DSB形成的总体趋势一致;照后 0.5~1.0 h大量γH2AX焦点形成,DNA-PKcs^＋/＋ MEF细胞于照后6.0 h完成修复,DNA-PKcs^-/-MEF和SUNE-1细胞X射线后于照后24.0 h完成修复。γH2AX焦点/细胞的峰值出现在照后1.0 h,γH2AX焦点/mm2的峰值则出现在照后0.5 h。对于DNA-PKcs^＋/＋和DNA-PKcs^-/-MEF细胞,γH2AX焦点/细胞在照后0.5、1.0、3.0、6.0、12.0 h的不同,而γH2AX焦点/mm2在照后3.0、6.0、12.0 h不同。结论 利用细胞免疫荧光动态检测照后致γH2AX焦点/细胞或γH2AX焦点/mm2的分析方法为动态定量研究DSB损伤及修复提供了新的思路。

Objective To quantitatively compare the γ-H2AX foci formation between DNA-PKcs^＋/＋ and DNA-PKcs^-/-mouse embryonic fibroblast （MEF） cells, and to investigate the dynamic changes in DNA double-strand breaks （DSBs） in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma SUNE-1 cells exposed to X-ray radiation. Methods The expression of DNA-PKcs was determined by Western blot. The γ-H2AX foci formation induced by 5 Gy X-ray radiation was detected by cell immunofluorescence. The ImageJ software was used to quantitatively analyze the γ-H2AX foci formation. Results The expression of DNA-PKcs was silenced in DNA-PKcs^-/-MEF cells and normal in DNA-PKcs^＋/＋ MEF cells. According to the dynamic analyses of the numbers of γ-H2AX foci/cell and γ-H2AX foci/mm2, a similar tendency was observed in DSB formation in DNA-PKcs^＋/＋ MEF cells, DNA-PKcs^-/-MEF cells, and SUNE-1 cells exposed to X-ray radiation. A large number of γ-H2AX foci formed at 0.5-1.0 h after radiation. DSBs were repaired at 6 h after radiation in DNA-PKcs^＋/＋ MEF cells and 24 h after radiation in DNA-PKcs^-/-MEF cells and SUNE-1 cells. The peak values of γ-H2AX foci/cell and γ-H2AX foci/mm2 were observed at 1.0 and 0.5 h after radiation, respectively. Compared with DNA-PKcs^＋/＋ MEF cells, DNA-PKcs^-/-MEF cells had different numbers of γ-H2AX foci/cell at 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, 6.0, and 12.0 h after radiation, as well as different numbers of γ-H2AX foci/mm2 at 3.0, 6.0, and 12.0 h after radiation. Conclusions Quantitative measurement of the number of γ-H2AX foci/cell or γ-H2AX foci/mm2 by cell immunofluorescence provides new insights into the quantitative and dynamic study of DSB damage and repair.