瓷器文物修复中环保作旧材料性能比较研究

Research on the aging properties of adhesive materials used for porcelain restoration

瓷器文物修复中作旧处理是修复中的关键步骤,作旧处理的好坏,关系到修复后瓷器的保存时效。传统作旧处理中所用的硝基清漆易于黄变,且所用稀释剂具有一定的污染性。为筛选环保且较耐久的瓷器修复作旧材料,以环保水性材料为主,选用水性氟碳树脂DF-01、水性氟碳乳液、水性木器清面漆和水性木器清底漆四种水性高分子材料分别作为瓷器修复作旧处理过程中的粘接材料,按照传统修复方法,以市售瓷板为处理对象,对其进行作旧处理。然后将上述样品分别进行干热、湿热和氙灯老化,通过测试上述样品老化前后的色差和光泽度,表征了上述材料的耐老化性能。结果表明,与传统材料硝基清漆相比,实验所选用的水性高分子材料具有较好的耐热老化、抗氙灯老化和抗湿热老化能力,且在操作过程中无味,有望解决传统瓷器文物修复材料易于黄变且对环境污染大的难题,具有一定的应用前景。

The aging of materials used for porcelain restoration is important because of their effect on the subsequent preservation. Nitrocellulose varnish is a commonly-used restoration material,but is prone to yellowing,and its diluent is somewhat toxic and may cause pollution. In order to select environment-friendly and durable porcelain restoration materials,four water-based materials： waterborne fluorocarbon resin DF-01,waterborne fluorocarbon emulsion,waterborne wood topcoat and waterborne wood undercoat were tested as adhesive materials on commercial porcelain samples. Traditional porcelain restoration methods were followed. After aging by thermal,hygrothermal and xenon arc processes,we characterized the resistance to aging of these materials by checking the differences in color and glossiness using a colorimeter and a vancometer,respectively. The experimental results showed that the resistance to thermal,hygrothermal and xenon arc aging was better for the waterborne polymer materials,in comparison with traditional nitrocellulose varnish. Because they are water-based,it is expected that they would also reduce the pollution problems of the traditional porcelain restoration materials. Therefore,the waterborne polymer materials have potential applicability.