甘肃省儿童眼外伤流行病学特征

Epidemiological characteristics of 133 children with ocular trauma in Gansu Province

目的分析儿童眼外伤的特征及各相关因素。方法对2012年1月至2016年12月住院的133例（136眼）儿童眼外伤的临床资料进行回顾性研究。分析儿童眼外伤者的性别、年龄、致伤月份、致伤原因、眼别、眼外伤类型、并发症、治疗方法和结果等。结果在133例儿童眼外伤中，男女之比为2．24：1；年龄0～14岁，平均（6．01±3．26）岁，学龄儿童（7—14岁组）最多，占总数的42．10％。致伤原因中植物伤最多（21．80％）。致伤物主要是木棍和树枝，其次是金属锐器（21．05％），包括剪刀和铁丝等；眼外伤类型主要有眼球穿孔伤（36．84％）、眼附属器挫裂伤（22．56％）及眼球挫伤（23．31％）。最常见并发症为外伤性白内障（16．79％）、前房积血（12．69％）及眼内炎（7．46％）等。大多数患儿难以配合检查视力，在完成视力检查的患儿中，出院时视力不足0．05者占29．69％。结论眼外伤是儿童主要致盲性眼病之一，其并发症及相关危险因素较多。但眼外伤绝大多数是可以预防的。

Objective To analyze the characteristics and related factors of children with ocular trauma. Methods The data of 136 eyes of 133 children with ocular trauma from Jan. 2012 to Dec. 2016 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The gender, age, wounded months, the cause of injury, injury eye, trauma type, complications, treatment method and results were analyzed. Results The male to female ratio was 2.24： 1; the age ranged from 0 to 14 years, average （6. 01 ±3.26） years. The school-age children group, 7-14 years, were the most （42.10%）. The cause of injuries was mainly plant injuries （21.80%）, included sticks and branches, followed by metal sharps damage （21.05%） , mainly included scissors and wire. The type of ocular trauma was mainly penetrating injury （ 36. 84% ）, contusion of annexa oculi （ 22.56% ） , contusion of eyeball （23.31%）. The most common complications of ocular trauma were traumatic cataract （ 16.79% ）, hyphema （ 12.69% ） and endophthalmitis （7.46%）. Most children were difficult to check with vision, the visual acuity was less than O. 05 in 29.69% of children who were performed the examination of visual acuity. Conclusion Ocular trauma is one of the major blinding eye diseases in children, with more complications and related risk factors, but most can be prevented.