中国榛属植物资源培育与利用研究(Ⅰ)--榛种质资源研究

Progress in Cultivation and Utilization of Corylus L. Resources in China( Ⅰ)——Corylus Germplasm Resources

原产中国的榛属植物有8个种和2个变种,约占全世界种数的一半。榛子是传统的木本粮油树种,中国先民自古以来就采集野生榛子食用。中国榛属植物种质资源分布经纬跨度较大(24°31'~51°42'N、85°55'~132°12'E),从"东北—华北山区、秦岭和甘肃南部及河南—华中—云贵高原"呈斜带状,海拔从100~4 000 m都有分布,行政地域范围涉及25个省(自治区、直辖市)。通过地理分布生态适应性研究,建立了榛属植物分布种数与气候因子间的回归方程:Y=11.883-0.051X_1+0.131X_2-0.003X_4-0.004X_5-0.001X_6+0.051X_8。初步提出了榛属植物资源描述与评价体系,开展了榛坚果、花粉形态及雄花序等形态多样性研究,并且在分子水平上对榛属植物遗传多样性和系统进化进行了研究,明确了川榛应该作为一个独立的种,平榛与欧洲榛尽管地理位置较远,但是遗传距离较近,这既说明了平榛和欧洲榛杂交成功的原因,同时也为进一步研究榛树植物地理距离和遗传距离的不一致性提出了新的课题。

There are 8 species and 2 varieties of Corylus plants originated in China,accounting for about half of the world’s Corylus species. Hazelnut is a traditional woody crop species. Chinese people collected wild hazelnuts as food since the ancient times. The distribution of Corylus germplasm resources in China is quite large,ranging from 24°31’ N to 51° 42’ N and 85° 55’ E to 132° 12’ E,covering a belt-shaped area from the northeastern-northern mountainous regions,the Qinling Mountains,the southern Gansu regions,the Henan to China-Southwest（ YunnanKweichow Plateau）. Corylus distributes in the altitudes from 100 m to 4 000 m. The range of Corylus covers 25 provinces（ autonomous regions and municipalities）. Based on the study of the ecological adaptability of geographical distribution,the regression equation between the distribution of Corylus species and the climatic factors was established： Y = 11. 883-0. 051 X1＋ 0. 131 X2-0. 003 X4-0. 004 X5-0. 001 X6＋ 0. 051 X8. The description and e-valuation system of Corylus resources was preliminarily established. The morphological diversity of hazelnut,pollen morphology and male inflorescence were carried out. The genetic diversity and phylogeny of Corylus species were studied at the molecular level. It is clear that Corylus kweichowensis should be a distinct species. However,despite the geographic isolation between C. heterophylla and C. avellana,their genetic distance is relatively close,which not only illustrates the success of their hybridization but also put forward a new topic for further research on the inconsistency between geographic distance and genetic distance of Corylus species.