超声评估吸烟对动脉血管弹性影响的研究进展

Ultrasound assessment of the effects of smoking on arterial elasticity

吸烟是公认为导致动脉粥样硬化疾病的独立危险因素之一,而血管的弹性则是预测动脉粥样硬化疾病的有力证据。中国作为世界上最大的烟草消费国,60%男性和3%女性是吸烟者,吸烟人数高达350万人,所以早期发现动脉粥样硬化高危者并积极采取干预措施对减轻心血管疾病发病率、预后及诊断有着至关重要的作用。虽然心血管疾病早期患者通常无明显临床症状,但是在动脉粥样硬化发生发展过程中,动脉管壁弹性会随病程进展而逐渐降低,动脉弹性的改变早于病理形态学的改变,所以检测血管的弹性可以评估早期动脉粥样硬化的程度,从而对疾病进行早期干预。应用超声检测动脉的弹性既方便、无创,又对动脉粥样硬化疾病的早期预防、诊断及治疗有着至关重要的作用,所以血管弹性的评估在临床中受到了广泛的关注和应用。目前国内外对吸烟是否影响血管弹性展开了很多相关研究,本文对国内外应用超声技术研究吸烟对血管弹性影响的文献进行总结和归纳。

Smoking is one of the independent risk factors of atherosclerotic disease, and the elasticity of blood vessels is a strong evidence for predicting atherosclerotic disease. It is convenient and noninvasive tO detect arterial elasticity by ultrasonography, and it has a crucial role on atherosclerotic disease early prevention, diagnosis and treatment. So it is widely used in clinical practice. Recently, a lot of research has been done on whether or not the smoking affects＇the elasticity of blood vessels at domestic and abroad. This paper summarizes the effects of smoking on blood vessel elasticity at domestic and abroad.