2011-2015年抚州市恙虫病流行特征分析

Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of scrub typhus in Fuzhou from 2011 to 2015

目的分析2011-2015年抚州市恙虫病的流行趋势与流行病学特征,为控制抚州市恙虫病疫情提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对2011-2015年抚州市恙虫病疫情资料进行统计分析。结果 2011-2015年,抚州市共报告恙虫病677例,年均发病率为3.42/10万;发病率呈逐年上升趋势(X_(趋势)~2=630.823,P<0.001),年均增长速度为102.69%。南丰县恙虫病发病人数(占86.71%)和年均发病率(40.26/10万)均居抚州市各县(区)之首。南丰县(X_(趋势)~2=571.513,P<0.001)、宜黄县(X_(趋势)~2=37.584,P<0.001)和黎川县(X_(趋势)~2=6.969,P=0.008)发病率呈上升趋势。恙虫病发病呈现季节性,主要集中在6~12月(占98.23%),其中11月、12月病例最多(占56.13%)。病例中,男女性别比为1∶1.21,40~69岁病例占76.81%,50岁及以上病例占51.11%,农民占94.68%。结论抚州市恙虫病发病率呈快速上升趋势,呈现季节性,南丰县恙虫病疫情比较严峻,农村女性和中老年人为恙虫病的高发人群。建议针对重点地区和重点人群制定有效措施,控制抚州市恙虫病疫情。

Objective To analyze the epidemic trend and characteristics of scrub typhus in Fuzhou from 2011 to 2015, and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of scrub typhus. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was conducted to analyze the data of scrub typhus in Fuzhou from 2011 to 2015. Results A total of 677 scrub typhus cases were reported in Fuzhou from 2011 to 2015. The annual average incidence of scrub typhus was 3.42/100 000. The incidence showed an upward trend 2 （ x2 tread = 630. 823, P 〈 0. 001 ） , and the annual average growth rate was 102. 69%. The number of cases （ accounted for 86. 71% ） and the annual average incidence of scrub typhus （40. 26/100 000 ） in Nan- feng County were the highest in the counties of Fuzhou. The incidences of scrub typhus in Nanfeng County （ Ztrond = 571.513, P〈0. 001）, Yihuang County （x2 trend2 37.584, P〈0.001） and Lichuan County （ x2 trend = 6.969,P =0.008） were on the rise. The incidence of scrub typhus was obviously seasonal, mainly from June to December （accounted for 98.23% ） , with the most cases （ accounted for 56. 13% ） occurred in November and December. In all reported cases, male-female ratio was 1：1.21,76. 81% of them were between 40 and 69 years old, 51.11% of them were aged 50 years old and above, 94. 68% of them were farmers. Conclusions The incidence of scrub typhus increased in Fuzhou in the past five years, with obvious seasonality. The epidemic situation of scrub typhus in Nanfeng County was fairly serious. The famers, women, middle-aged and elderly people were at high risk. Effective measures should be focused on the high-risk areas and key populations to control the scrub typhus epidemic.