19-20世纪江南田野景观变迁与文化生态

Field Landscape Changes and Cultural Ecology of Jiangnanin the 19th and 20th Centuries

通过对19世纪以来江南田野景观变迁的研究,可透视出江南景观变化的文化动力。这其中有两条价值观主线:一是传统士人与部分西方学者的观点,他们重视传统文化与传统农业,认为古典景观与古代的农耕技术都非常有价值,只是这一脉的发展一直未得到重视;一是占主导地位的李希霍芬的科学土地利用观和苏联的统一化农庄经营观,致使集体化时代的方格化规划、当下的城镇化建设,都存在着简单模仿西方的倾向,这是当前混乱化田野景观形成的原因之一。未来乡村景观建设的方向,在于传统田园风光与现代田园技术的结合。

Based on the study of the field landscape changes in the south of the Yangtze River since the 19th Century,this paper analyzes the cultural power of the landscape changes of Jiangnan.There are two main lines of values.One is of traditional scholars and some Western scholars,who attach great importance to traditional culture and agriculture,and argue that classical landscape and ancient farming techniques are of great value,and this vein has not been taken seriously.Due to the impact of modernization,scientific land using idea of Von Richthofen and the unification of farm management of the Soviet Union had been in the dominant position.The other one is that there is a tendency of simply imitating the West in grid planning of collectivization and in the urbanization in later period,which is one of the reasons for the current chaos of field landscape formation.The future direction of rural landscape construction lies in the combination of traditional pastoral scenery and modern pastoral technology.