洪水与水的控制--亚洲季风灌溉技术的生态学意义及其局限性

Flooding and Water Control:Irrigation System in Monsoon Asia and Its Ecological Significances and Limitations

在亚洲季风地区,根据降水量的季节性变化,年间可进行一到三次的稻作生产。水田可利用的水量因洪水的频度或降水量的多少而异。老挝南部占巴塞省常因湄公河水的泛滥而被洪水侵袭,1975年老挝独立后,该地区为了提高稻作产量、推进农业近代化,在干旱季节建设了灌溉用水坝,但最终忽视了地方知识的农业近代化灌溉技术而以失败告终。这提醒我们,在地域开发中,传统和近代并非是完全二元对立的,我们有必要对地域居民所持有的灵活生活策略、民俗知识等多加注意和研讨。

In Monsoon Asia,there are 1-3 times of paddy cultivation in a year,varying with the seasonal changes of rainfall.The frequency of flooding and the amount of rainfall determine the water available for irrigation.The Champasak area in southern Laos suffers from frequent flooding of Mekong River.In an effort to improve rice production and modernize its agriculture,the Laos had built irrigative dams in the area since its independence in 1975.The result,however,was a failure,as it ignored the indigenous local knowledge of paddy cultivation.Responding to flooding,traditional practice is to develop early,middle and late types of rice and low,medium and high locations of paddy fields.Thus,in regional development,tradition and modernity are not dichotomous and more attention is needed on residents’survival strategy and indigenous knowledge.