袭旧与更新:近代经济变迁中的民间祭祀组织——以杭州湾南岸地区为例

Renewing Tradition:Popular Cult Institutions in the Modern Economic Transformation:A Case Study from the South Arm of Hangzhou Bay

19世纪末叶以来,中日两国棉纺织工业的兴起导致原棉需求迅猛增长,从而刺激了杭州湾南岸滨海沙涂的开发热潮,沙涂的大规模开发又促进了控产宗族与神会组织的扩张。在新的经济环境下,当地祭祀组织的结构发生变动,专门化的经理阶层成长起来,所有权与经营权出现分离态势。这些新兴的控产组织为清末民初新政改革和地方自治运动提供了组织基础。杭州湾南岸的案例显示,民间祭祀组织并非历史孑遗,而是在承袭传统的过程中经历着更新和再造。它们是因应近代经济变迁的社会主体。

From the late 19th century,the development of modern cotton textile industry in Japan and China stimulated the demand for raw cotton in East Asian market.The expanding market accelerated the rapid reclamation of marsh land in the south Hangzhou Bay area,and further promoted the vigorous growth of local corporate lineages and temple associations.These popular cult institutions,in the meantime,witnessed a noticeable transformation in the land holding patterns.As special mangers sprouted up from within,ownership and management of these institutions came into separation.Since this structural change interlocked with the New Policy reform and local self-government movement during the late Qing and early Republic period,these newly emerging corporations laid the basis for socio-political fluctuations of the time.It suggests that popular cult institutions in modern China should not be viewed merely as historical remains,but rather the renewing of tradition.They served as the main body of modern socio-economic change.