传统手工艺的文化生态保护与手艺人的身份实践——基于黔中布依族蜡染的讨论

The Protection of Cultural Ecology of Traditional Handicrafts and the Practice of Craftsmen's Identity:A Discussion on Buyi Batik in Central Guizhou

文化生态保护带来传统手工艺保护理念的重大变革,因此文化生态对手工艺生产活动的作用出现了更多的讨论空间。从黔中布依族蜡染的个案调查研究中发现,布依族蜡染的文化生态会内化为个体文化经验,融入手艺人的身份建构过程,并借助手艺人在身份指引下的活动影响手工艺生产。因此,手艺人的身份实践能成为文化生态与手工艺生产活动的过程纽带。基于此,手工艺的文化生态理念呈现如下特点:文化整体性与个体行动多样性相结合,稳定性与动态性相结合,个体心态秩序的凸显。同时,手工艺文化生态保护措施应以手艺人的文化实践为评判依据。

The concept of cultural ecologyprotection brings about the major changes in the concept of traditional handicraft protection.However,we need to further explore the process and mechanism of cultural ecology’s effect on handicraft producing activities.In the case of Buyi batik in central Guizhou,the study found that the cultural ecology of batik was transformed into individual cultural experience,integrated into the process of identity construction of craftsmen.Through the craftsmen’s activities under the guidance of the identity,it impacts the handicraft producing activities.As such,the identity practice of craftsmen can become a link between cultural ecology and handicraft production.Based on this,the concept of cultural ecology of handicrafts presents the following characteristics:the combination of cultural integrity and the diversity of individual actions,the combination of stability and dynamic,the highlight on the order of the individual’s mind.At the same time,the cultural ecology protection measures of handicrafts should be based on the cultural practice of craftsmen.