荆州市血吸虫病流行区居民血防知识与行为调查分析

Survey of knowledge and practice of residents about schistosomiasis prevention and control in endemic areas of Jingzhou City

目的在传播控制、人群感染率低的血吸虫病流行形势下,调查湖北省荆州市血吸虫病流行区居民血吸虫病相关知识知晓情况,为制定科学有效的血吸虫病健康教育方案提供参考。方法采用整群抽样和问卷调查的方法,调查江陵县和公安县血吸虫病流行区居民的血吸虫病相关知识知晓情况,对其进行描述性统计、χ~2检验及Logistic回归分析。结果发放、回收有效问卷826份,有效率为100%。97.0%的调查对象听说过血吸虫病,86.3%的调查对象知道经皮肤接触疫水感染血吸虫。高年龄组(41~84岁)对于本地区是否为流行区(χ~2=57.860)、如何感染血吸虫(χ~2=87.045)、晚期血吸虫病的症状(χ~2=27.268)、钉螺传播血吸虫(χ~2=55.856)的知晓率显著高于低年龄组(6~17岁)(P均<0.05);男性对于本地区是否为流行区的知晓高于女性(χ~2=13.442,P<0.05)。36.6%的调查对象一天多次接触湖泊或池塘水,66.5%的被调查者愿意参加血防宣传活动。结论荆州市江陵县和公安县血吸虫病流行区居民对血吸虫病知识的知晓率较高,应重点加强对流行区中小学生的健康教育和行为干预,提高自觉防范意识和自我保护能力。

Objective To investigate the knowledge and practice of residents about schistosomiasis prevention and control in endemic areas of Jingzhou City,Hubei Province after the disease transmission being controlled,so as to provide the valuable in-formation for formulating an efficient health education and intervention strategy.Methods The residents were selected by using the cluster sampling method and investigated with questionnaires in Jiangling County and Gong＇an County,Jingzhou City,Hu-bei Province,and the data were analyzed by using the descriptive analysis method,Chi-square tests and logistic regression.Re-sults In a total,826 available questionnaires were obtained with 100% of valid rate.Among them,97.0% of the interviewee knew schistosomiasis,and 86.3% knew that the infection happened by contacting water containing cercariae.The residents in el-der age（41-84 years）had higher awareness rates than the residents in lower age（6-17 years）,about the regions of epidemic area（χ ^2=57.860）,infection route of schistosomiasis（χ ^2=87.045）,advanced schistosomiasis symptoms（χ ^2=27.268）and On-comelania hupensis being as intermediate host（χ^ 2=55.856）（all P〈0.05）.The males had higher awareness rates of epidemic areas than the females（χ^2=13.442,P〈0.05）.For personal behavior,36.6% of the interviewee had experience of contacting lake or pond water many times a day,and 66.5% had the willingness to participate in schistosomiasis health education.Conclu-sion In the investigation areas,Jiangling County and Gong＇an County,the awareness rates of the residents about schistosomia-sis prevention and control are higher,and we should strengthen the health education and behavior intervention,especially in the students of middle and primary schools to help them have the self-protection ability efficiently.