溧阳市农村居民重点寄生虫感染现状及防治知识 态度和行为调查分析

Investigation of major parasitic diseases and related knowledge,attitude and practice among rural residents in Liyang City

目的了解溧阳市农村居民重点寄生虫感染现况及其相关防治知识、态度、行为状况,为制定相应的防治策略与措施提供依据。方法在溧阳市抽取3个乡(镇)各1个村共3个调查点,调查对象为3岁以上居住超过6个月的居民。采用改良加藤厚涂片法检查居民粪便中肠道寄生虫虫卵,透明胶纸肛试法检查3~6岁儿童蛲虫卵,碘液涂片法和生理盐水涂片法检查肠道原虫包囊或滋养体,并用试管滤纸培养法鉴定钩虫虫种。同时,通过问卷调查居民重点寄生虫病防治知识、态度和行为状况。结果 3个农村调查点共调查759人,检出寄生虫感染2人,总感染率为0.26%,均为轻度感染,无混合感染。年龄及文化程度是影响居民寄生虫病防治知识知晓率的重要因素。饭前便后洗手、不喝生水基本卫生行为形成率分别为83.8%、92.1%;11.6%的村民平时生吃、半生吃淡水鱼虾,53.0%的村民没有生熟砧板分开处理食物;使用新鲜粪便施肥、赤脚下地劳动的居民分别占13.8%、22.8%。觉得能改掉、不能改掉、不确定能否改掉寄生虫感染风险行为习惯的分别占40.2%、28.5%和31.4%。结论溧阳市农村居民重点寄生虫感染水平较低,寄生虫病防治知识知晓率也低,应加强居民寄生虫病防治宣传教育,改变不良卫生、饮食及劳作习惯,持续改善环境卫生,以阻断居民感染寄生虫的途径。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of major parasitic diseases and related knowledge, attitude and practice among rural residents in Liyang City, so as to provide the evidence for formulating appropriate preventive strategies and measures. Methods Three villages were selected from three towns as survey sites, and the residents who were above three years old and had been in the village for over six months were investigated. The Kato-Katz technique was applied to detect intestinal parasite eggs in residents＇ feces, and the cellophane anal swab was used to detect Enterobius vermicularis eggs among children aged 3-6 years. The iodine liquid smear and saline smear methods were used to examine intestinal protozoa cysts or trophozoites. Hookworm species were identified by the tube filter paper culture method. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the information on residents＇ knowledge, attitude and practice of the prevention and control of major parasitic diseases. Results Totally 759 residents were investigated and tested at the three rural survey sites, and only 2 cases were detected of parasitic infection and the total infection rate was 0.26%. Both cases were mild infections without mixed infection. The total awareness rate of knowledge on ascariasis, trichuriasis and ancylostomiasis was 37.9%, while the awareness rate of knowledge on clonorchiasis was 13.8%. The age and educational level were important factors of the knowledge on prevention and control of parasitic diseases among the residents. The formation rates of washing hands before meal and after using the toilet, and never drinking unboiled water were 83.8% and 92.1%, respectively. Totally 11.6% of the residents usually ate raw or half-cooked freshwater fishes and shrimps, and 53.0% had not the behavior to prepare raw and cooked food using the different chopping boards. The proportions of residents using fresh feces as manure and working in the field with bare feet were 13.8% and 22.8% respectively. The proportions of residents who thought they could, could not, or were not sure to change the risk behaviors and habits of parasitic infections were 40.2%, 28.5% and 31.4%, respectively. Conclusions The infection rate of major parasitic diseases among the rural residents in Liyang City is low, and the awareness rate of knowledge on preventing parasitic diseases is also low. Therefore, the health education on the prevention and control of parasitic diseases should be strengthened to guide them to develop good hygiene, diet and farming habits. The environmental sanitation should be continuously improved to block the endemic of parasitic infection.