权力对第三方惩罚的影响:基于权力的社会距离理论的视角

Power and third-party punishment: From the power of social distance theory perspective

本研究通过情景实验法(实验一、实验二)共对239名大学生进行实验,基于权力的社会距离理论,通过两种不同的权力操作来探究权力对第三方惩罚的影响及其内在认知机制。结果表明:(1)相比于低权力者,高权力者对违规者的惩罚更重;(2)解释水平在权力影响第三方惩罚间起着中介作用,在高权力下,与高解释水平相关的特征在惩罚判断中更重要,而在低权力下,与低解释水平相关的特征在惩罚判断中更受重视。这启示当权者,在对违规者进行惩罚决策时,既应根据原则标准进行判断,也应注意考虑违规事件的具体情景因素,从而做出更合理更为民众所接受的惩罚决策。

This research was conducted to explore the relationship between power and third-party punishment from the perspective of social distance theory, through the two different power operations in two scene experiments among 239 college students. The results indicated：（1） High power holders advocated the penalties for offenders more serious than lower power holders;（2） The construal level mediated the impact of power on retributive justice： The high power holders make punishment judgment are more likely based on high level related interpretation than the low-power holders. This research tells the authority, when they make the decisions of punish offenders, both should be performed according to the principle of standard judgment, also should pay attention to the specific situational factors of violations, so that the decision may be more reasonable and more people will accept it.