公立高校与学生的法律关系性质——基于学生视角的实证分析

On the Nature of Public University-Student Legal Relationship in China:Based on an Empirical Study from the Perspective of Students

学生与学校的法律关系是教育法治的基本问题。文章在现有法理研究的基础上,从学生的视角实证考查公立高校与学生法律关系的性质。问卷结果表明:学生对其与公立高校法律关系性质的认识与我国学界的主流定位一致,主要是一种不对等的行政法律关系;部分学生认为,公立高校与学生的法律关系已经或正在从行政法律关系转向民事法律关系,高校要主动适应平权型法律关系下的学生事务管理的新形势;公立高校与学生法律关系的性质定位对高校权力行使的规范性和学生权利的实现程度没有显著影响,加强教育立法和高校内部的法治管理更为重要。

This paper explores the legal relationship between public universities and students in China, from the perspective of students. A survey by questionnaire is conducted among undergraduate students from six public universities. The conclusions are ： 1） the students understanding of this relationship conforms with that of mainstream scholarly consensus, i. e. , it is essentially an unequal administrative legal relationship; 2） a portion of students assert that this relationship is changing from an administrative legal relationship to a civil one, with university administration actively adapting to this change ; 3） the normativity of exercising university authority and the realization of students rights are not significantly affected by the nature of this legal relationship.