工业企业数据库在企业经济行为研究中的应用——视角、合并与拓展

The Application of the Database of “Chinese Annual Survey of Industrial Firms” to Enterprise Economic Behavior Research:Perspectives,Integration and Extension

中国工业企业数据库已成为微观企业行为研究中最重要的数据来源之一。本文基于该数据库的数据结构系统性地梳理了该数据库在企业经济行为方面的最新应用,并整理了基于该数据库与其他微观数据库合并数据的研究,分析发现:基于该数据库的研究主要集中在企业生产率、创新、出口等传统领域,但也开始关注企业出口持续、企业内工资差距以及生存能力等新视角;许多文献开始基于合并数据进行拓展研究,这类研究更多关注企业出口二元边际、出口产品质量、对外直接投资等问题。同时,本文梳理了该数据库2007年后的数据情况,指明后续年份数据的使用问题、解决方法及应用方向。在数据处理方面,现有研究存在样本过宽匹配、平减指数混乱、出口企业识别不严谨等新问题。在研究视角方面,今后可更多地着眼于企业生产率的性别差异、创新风险、研发平滑以及企业内工资差距等问题。

The database of ＂Chinese Annual Survey of Industrial Firms＂ has become one of the most important data sources in micro research on enterprise economic behaviors. Based on the matching between the data structure of this database and the research category of enterprise economic behaviors, by systematically reviewing the latest application in research on enterprise economic behaviors, such as production, innovation, international trade, employment, survival and growth of enterprise, this paper points out that this database has some limitations, such as the limited index types and the singleness ofsome category indexes, impeding the further study in some fields. In this view, this paper argues that more and more micro-databases will be used to be merged with the database of ＂Chinese Annual Survey of Industrial Firms＂, and using the merged data to study will be one of the most important directions in future research. Therefore, it reviews the latest applications of the merged data for the first time and puts forward some relative new perspectives in future extended application of this database. Some findings of this paper are as follows： firstly, current researches based on this database mostly focus on enterprise productivity, innovation, export decision and export scale, and other traditional fields, but also begin to pay attention to some new perspectives such as export continuity, wage inequality, and viability of enterprises; in order to solve the problem of limitations of the database of ＂Chinese Annual Survey of Industrial Firms＂, more and more literature tries to merge this database with other micro-databases, such as ＂China Customs Import and Export Database＂, ＂Chinese Oversea Enterprise List＂, and expands and deepens studies based on the merged data; these kinds of research concern more about the dual margins of export, the quality of exports, foreign direct investment and so on; secondly, due to the problems such as sample missing, a lack of important indexes, statistic scope adjustment and poor data quality in the following years＇ data, most of existing researches only use the data between 1998 and 2007; however, as time goes by, continuing to use the short data before 2007 severely limits the application value of this database, and hence some researches have begun to explore the methods of adding the following years＇ data to solve this limitation; this paper points out the problems of using the following years＇ data and provides some feasible solutions; furthermore, it sorts out the data structure of this database after 2007 and points out the directions in future research using this new data, namely using the data from 2008 to 2013, researchers can still continue their research on some important fields, such as enterprise export trade, employment, survival and growth, tax burden and government subsidies, and further based on the merged data, they can also explore enterprise production, innovation and other economic behaviors; at the same time, with the continuous updating of the database, the significance of the database will gradually highlight; thirdly, in the aspect of data processing, in three major aspects including data arrangement, variable measurement and initial processing of variables, this paper points out that there are some new problems in the existing literature, such as over-matching of samples, biased index measurement, misusing of deflator, and loose identification of export firms; also, this paper tries to provide some feasible solutions to address these problems; fourthly, in the aspect of research areas, future research can go deeper on the exploring of enterprise production, innovation and employment behaviors, and pay more attention to the effects of different types of import and export behaviors, diversified business and subordinate levels on their productivity, and further explore the issues of gender differences in productivity, innovation risk, R＆D smoothing, and wage inequality within an enterprise.