西藏自治区犬棘球绦虫感染现状调查与分析

Investigation of Echinococcus infection in dogs in Tibet Autonomous Region

目的分析西藏自治区犬棘球绦虫的感染情况。方法于2016年8-11月,采取分层整群随机抽样法,在西藏自治区抽取那曲、阿里、山南、拉萨、昌都、日喀则、林芝等7个地区(市)。根据不同生产类型,将7个地区(市)下辖的县按牧区、半农半牧区、农区和城镇进行分层,按比例抽取调查村数。以行政村(居委会)为单位,每村随机抽取20个养犬户,每户采集1条犬的粪样,ELISA检测犬粪棘球绦虫抗原。利用χ~2检验比较不同组间阳性率的差异。结果西藏自治区犬粪棘球绦虫抗原阳性率为6.31%(458/7 259),那曲、阿里、山南、拉萨、昌都、日喀则、林芝等7个地区(市)阳性率依次为10.08%(109/1 081)、8.04%(34/423)、6.87%(64/932)、6.30%(66/1 047)、5.74%(78/1 358)、4.64%(89/1 917)和3.59%(18/501),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=44.671,P<0.01)。家犬和无主犬粪棘球绦虫抗原阳性率分别为6.28%(133/2 119)和6.32%(325/5 140),差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.005,P>0.05)。牧区犬粪棘球绦虫抗原阳性率最高,为8.41%(187/2 224)。不同生产类型地区犬粪棘球绦虫抗原阳性率的差异有统计学意义(χ~2=25.221,P<0.01)。结论西藏自治区犬粪棘球绦虫抗原阳性率较高,那曲、阿里地区和山南市属于高风险地区,尤以牧区更为严重。

Objective To understand the infection status of Echinococcus in dogs in Tibet Autonomous Region. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 7 prefectures （cities） of Tibet Autonomous Region （Nagqu, Ali, Shannan, Lhasa, Changdu, Shigatse, Nyingchi） to investigate the infection status of Echinococcus in dogs. Counties in 7 cities were divided into pastoral area, semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral area, agricultural area and town based on the type of production. Villages for investigation were assigned into counties with an appropriate proportion. Twenty households raising dogs were selected, and fecal sample of one dog was collected from each household. The positive rate of Echinococcus antigen in fecal samples was determined by ELISA. The positive rate was compared among different groups using χ2 test. Results The positive rate of Echinococcus antigen in dog feces was 6.31% （458/7 259）. The positive rate in Nagqu, Ali, Shannan, Lhasa, Changdu, Shigatse, Nyingchi was 10.08%（109/1 081）, 8.04%（34/423）, 6.87%（64/932）, 6.30%（66/1 047）, 5.74%（78/1 358）, 4.64%（89/1 917）and 3.59%（18/501）respectively, significantly different among cities （χ2 = 44.671, P 〈 0.01）. The antigen positive rate in domestic dog feces and stray dog feces was 6.28% （133/2 119） and 6.32% （325/5 140）, respectively （χ2 = 0.005, P 〉 0.05）. It was highest in the pastoral area （8.41%, 187/2 224）, and significantly different among the production types（χ2 = 25.221, P 〈 0.01）. Conclusion There is a high positive rate of Echinococcus antigen in dog feces in Tibet Autonomous Region, especially in Nagqu, Ali Prefecture and Shannan City and in pastoral area.