刑事证据制度变革的基本逻辑 以1996-2017年我国刑事证据规范为考察对象

The Logic of the Reform of Chinese Criminal Evidence System Analysis of Criminal Evidence Regulations from 1996 to 2017 in China

我国过去二十一年的刑事证据规范发展历程可以区分为自发生长、艰难酝酿和快速回应三个阶段。我国刑事证据规范的发展进程当中,司法需求是刑事证据制度改革的原动力,刑事错案的频频出现是刑事证据立法的催化剂,网络时代媒体的聚焦效应为刑事证据立法获得了话语的正当性,司法改革和政法权力格局变革为刑事证据制度改革提供了组织条件。这种独特的发展逻辑使得我国刑事证据制度改革在改革动力、纵向发展趋势、横向格局、规范范围及规范样式等方面都呈现出独特的特征。这种改革路径具有针对性强、阻力小、易于借势推动等优点。但目前我国的证据制度改革还存在着穷于应对、缺乏通盘考虑、与相应配套司法诉讼制度有待进一步协调等缺陷,需要在未来的刑事证据制度改革中加以改进。

Over the past twenty one years, the evolution of criminal evidence rules in China could be divided into three periods： spontaneous growth stage, difficult gestation stage and immediate responsive stage. In this evolution course, judicial demand has provided the most important driving force, the fre- quent exposure of wrong convictions has served as the activator, the focusing effect of the media in the network age has justified the discourse of the reform, with the judicial reform and the transformation of political and legal power structure offering institutional conditions for the reform. Thanks to such a u nique evolution logic, Chinese criminal evidence system has displayed distinct features in terms of reform impetus, longitudinal development trends, transverse patterns, regulation range and forms. The reform pattern has been well--targeted, encountered small resistance, taken advantages of opportunities for de- velopment, while shown such deficiencies as passive as well as being short of a harmonious coordination adj and ustment, lacking comprehensive consideration, coherence with relevant judicial procedural reforms. Such deficiencies are supposed to be overcome in future reforms of Chinese criminal evidence system.