美国同性婚姻权裁决的三重语境--平权运动、美国宪法与西方文明

The US Supreme Court's Same-Sex Marriage Decision in Context Homosexual Rights Movement,US Constitutional Law and Western Civilization

2015年美国联邦最高法院判定同性婚姻在全美合法化。该案是世界范围内一个重要的宪法案件,可以放在三重语境当中进行理解,以体现其重要的意义和争议性。首先,同性婚姻判决可以放在从20世纪下半叶开始的同性权利运动的语境当中进行把握。其次,同性婚姻判决以及同性婚姻权利需要放在美国宪法的教义学历史(特别是"实质正当程序")当中进行理解。此外,同性恋婚姻合法化涉及西方文明的一些基本问题,因此同性婚姻判决须放在西方文明史中进行理解。结合语境和背景来看,该案的判决一方面是同性平权运动在法律上的巅峰之作,另一方面则存在社会政治和宪法教义的双重争议性。

In 2015, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that same--sex marriage is protected by the U.S. Constitution. As a crucial constitutional decision that has worldwide influence, the decision can be understood in three contexts. First, it can be put into the homosexual rights movement starting from the second half of the 20th century. Second, it should be analyzed in the history of American constitutional doctrines, especially the highly--disputed ＂substantive due process＂. Third, same--sex marriage and homo- sexuality touches upon the very foundation of Western civilization. It should be understood in the history of Western civilization. At a variety of levels, the decision represents the peak of homosexual rights movement in the legal domain, but remains controversial in both social--political discourse and constitu- tional doctrines.