交通噪声对临街中学的影响调查与评价

The Effect of Traffic Noise on Roadside Secondary Schools: A Survey and Evaluation

随着社会的发展与经济水平的日益提高,人们对城市声环境的要求越来越高,而汽车保有量的快速提升则使得道路噪声问题突显,尤其对道路附近学校的声环境影响更为突出。本文采用现场测试和调查问卷的方法对不同层次道路附近学校的声舒适进行研究,给出了4所学校的噪声环境测试结果与教师和学生的主观感受情况。结果发现随着道路级别的增加,噪声水平依次提高,快速主干路等效A声级(L_(eq))最大达到74.2 d B(A),毗邻快速主干路、主干路的中学,其外部和内部的声环境污染严重;主观评价城市噪声对教师和学生的声舒适度的感知,调查中发现教师和学生都认为交通噪声给他们带来很大的困扰,走访中发现随着学生年龄的增加,对声环境的烦恼度增强;相关分析表明临街教学楼噪声水平L_(eq)以及学生主观舒适概率与其相临马路机动车道数存在显著的线性相关性(R^2:0.985,-0.896;P<0.05),学生对其声环境的主观评价与临街教学楼的噪声水平L_(eq)值呈非线性相关(R^2∶0.949,P<0.05);马路噪声L_(eq)水平是影响各学校的声环境和声舒适的重要因素。

With the development of society and economy,people have higher requirements for urban acoustic environment. However,the rapidly increasing car ownership brings in more prominent road noise problem,which is especially severe on the roadside schools. We selected the roadside secondary schools located at different levels of road as the research object of the sound comfort through field measuring and subjective questionnaire. The measuring results and the subjective acoustic evaluation of these four secondary schools were followed up. The results showed that noise level is enhanced in turn with rising road level. The noise pollution of those schools nearby the expressway and arterial road is very serious,and the maximum value of equivalent continuous A-weighted level sound pressure（ Leq） is 74. 2 d B（ A）. Questionnaires showed： all of the teachers and students believe traffic noise bring them so much trouble. Moreover,with the increase in their age the annoyances also enhance. Correlation analysis revealed： The variables such as the Leqvalue at the position 1 m away from teaching building near to roads in the schools,comfort probability of students and number of motorways obviously draw a linear correlation（ R^2：0. 985,-0. 896; P〈0. 05）. The subjective evaluation of students and Leqvalue at the position 1 m away from teaching building near to roads in the schools emerge as a nonlinear correlation（ R^2∶ 0. 949,P〈0. 05）. The result indicates that the equivalent A-weighted sound level of road noise is an important factor influencing the acoustic comfort of each school.