《资本论》中的身体理论探析

A Study on the Body Theory in Das Kapital

《资本论》隐含着一种深刻的身体理论,它建立在马克思对Leib和K9rper两个术语的区别性使用之上。在其中,躯体(Leib)概念反映人的自然存在的整体性,人在劳动中通过与自然界形成相互蕴涵和相互生成的关系而获得这种整体性;身体(K9rper)概念表示被资本主义生产方式分裂并萎缩成肢体的人体概念;总体身体(Gesammtk9rper)是由资本主义通过综合分裂的个体身体而形成的总体工人,它表示身体的社会存在的整体性,反映个体身体在商品世界中的既可见又不可见自身的悖论式遭遇。从躯体/身体的角度来看,人就其概念而言就是"有世界"的人,它区别于西方传统主体性哲学中"无世界"的主体,突出了历史唯物主义以特殊性而不是普遍性为视平线的理论特点。

Marx＇s Das Kapital implys a profound body theory, which is based on the different use of two German terms of Leib and Korper. Living-Body （Leih） reflects the integrality of human＇s nature existence. Human gets this integrality by forming a relationship of mutually containing and mutually generating with the natural world. Physical-Body （Korper） shows a body concept which is dismembered by capitalist mode of production and atrophys into limbs. Total Physical-Body（Gesammtkorper） is the collective labourer which is formed by synthesizing the dismembered bodies, and it reflects the integrality of body＇s social existence as well as both visible and invisible paradoxical suffering of individual physical-body in the commercial world. From the perspective of Living-Body/Physical-Body, in terms of the concept, human is always in the world which is different from the ＂worldless＂subject in western traditional philosophy of subjectivity, and it highlights the theoretical characteristics of historical materialism which regards the particularity rather than universality as the visible horizon.