浅析阿富汗普什图瓦里的内涵与功能

An Analysis on the Components and Functions of Pashtunwali

普什图族~①大约形成于公元10世纪的阿富汗。普什图人长期与往来于此的各民族交往、融合,虽屡遭外族入侵和外来文化的冲击,但仍保留着鲜明的民族特色,这得益于其对普什图瓦里的遵循和实践。普什图瓦里内涵丰富,涵盖价值观、行为规范和习惯法等内容,发挥着积极的社会功能,在历史上塑造了普什图人的民族意识,指导着普什图人的生活并维持其部落的社会秩序。但是,普什图瓦里的文化传统中也包含着制约社会、政治发展的负面因素,造成了阿富汗社会的分裂。当前,随着全球化的冲击,很多现代价值观进入阿富汗人的生活。普什图瓦里的传统观念与这些现代价值观相互交织,依然约束着普什图人的生活。鉴于文化传统的历史延续性,在阿富汗重建过程中,普什图瓦里仍不失为构建新的价值体系和民族认同的重要源泉。

The Pushtun ethnic group came into being around the 10th century. The Pushtuns have been in contact and fusion with other ethnic groups for a long time. They retain distinct national traits even after frequent foreign invasion and culture shocks for being at the ＂Crossroad of Asia. ＂ Such national trait retention is achieved through their adherence to the practice of Pashtunwali, the code of Pushtun tribes. Pashtunwali is a culture system, including values, rules of behavior, and customary laws. It has played positive roles in the Pushtun tribal society, such as shaping a national consciousness, providing national cohesion, and maintaining order. However, it has also demonstrated some negative impacts on the Afghan politics. At the present time in spite of the historical changes and the impact of globalization, Pashtunwali still has important influences on the Pushtun lifestyle. In view of the continuity of cultural tradition, it could still provide valuable sources of reference to building a new value system and national identity in the process of Afghan reconstruction.