氮钾运筹模式对高花青素特种稻产量及糙米营养品质的影响

Effects of nitrogen and potassium application patterns on yield and nutrition quality of a rice cultivar with high anthocyanin content

以新培育的高产棕红色稻米品种冈特优37为材料,在本田习惯施肥水平(N 159kg/hm^2、P_2O_5 67.5kg/hm^2和K_2O 67.5kg/hm^2)下研究了氮、钾运筹模式对其产量和糙米营养品质的影响,以期为新品种的扩大栽培提供施肥技术指导。结果表明:在钾肥全部基施,氮肥60%作基肥、10%作分蘖肥、30%作保花肥时稻谷产量最高;合理施肥主要通过增加单位面积有效穗数而增产;施肥模式对糙米直链淀粉、支链淀粉和花青素含量影响不显著,但适当施用氮肥作保花肥可提高糙米可溶性糖含量;在相同施氮模式中增加后期钾素供应可提高糙米粗脂肪含量;在相同施钾模式下施用氮肥作保花肥有提高糙米γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)含量的趋势;在钾肥全部基施的条件下,糙米游离氨基酸含量随保花肥氮肥施用量的增加而呈先升后降趋势;在钾肥60%作基肥、40%作保花肥时,游离氨基酸含量则随保花肥氮肥施用量的增加而提高;施氮可显著提高糙米粗蛋白含量,但在不同施钾条件下施氮模式的影响规律不一致。在本试验条件下,钾肥全部作基肥,氮肥60%作基肥、10%作分蘖肥、30%作保花肥的施肥模式可作为冈特优37的适宜施肥模式。

A newly bred rice cultivar with high anthocyanin content,Gangteyou 37,was used to study the effects of nitrogen（N）and potassium（K）application patterns on the yield and the nutrition quality of dehulled rice under the total application of N 159 kg/hm^2,P_2O_5 67.5 kg/hm^2 and K_2O 67.5 kg/hm^2 in the field.Results showed that the highest grain yield was obtained when all K was applied as basal fertilizer,60% of N used as basal fertilizer,10% of N applied at tillering stage and 30% of N at spikelet developing stage.Appropriate fertilizer application increased the effective panicles per area,therefore,increased the yield.The fertilizer application patterns rarely affected the contents of amylose,amylopectin and anthocyanin,but proper amount of N applied at the spikelet developing stage increased the content of soluble sugar in dehulled rice.The content of crude fat in dehulled rice was increased by supplying K at the later developmental stage under the same N application pattern.Gama-aminobutyric acid（GABA）tended to increase when N was applied at the spikelet developing stage under the same K application pattern.When all K was applied as basal fertilizer,the content of free amino acid increased first and then decreased with the increase of N application rate at the spikelet developing stage.When60% of K was used as basal fertilizer and 40%as spikelet developing fertilizer,the content of free amino acid in dehulled rice increased with the increase of N application rate at the spikelet developing stage.Applying N significantly increased the content of crude protein in dehulled rice,but its changes were inconstant under different K application patterns.It is indicated that all K applied as basal fertilizer,60% of N used as basal fertilizer,10% of N applied at tillering stage and 30% of N at spikelet developing stage is suitable to improve rice yield and nutritional quality,and can be used as appropriate fertilizer application pattern for Gangteyou 37.