“标准化”还是“集体记忆现实化”——基于福建东山关帝庙剪瓷雕的分析

Standardization or the Actualization of Collective Memories—— An Analsis Based on Porcelain Mosaic Ornamentation of Lord Guan Temple in Dongshan County, Fujian Province

"剪瓷雕"主要分布于中国东南部的闽南、潮汕与台湾地区,是民间宗庙建筑屋顶装饰的独特工艺。本文采用历史人类学和符号学的视角,基于信仰专家的角度,对福建东山关帝庙"剪瓷雕"工艺的造型与象征进行归纳分析,结合铜山关帝信仰的正当化历程,从历史与符号的角度揭示铜山关帝信仰的意识形态结构。基于此,结合民间信仰的意识形态领域是"标准化推广"或"各正统间竞争"的讨论,提出民间信仰的意识形态是集体记忆现实化的产物,将其正当性来源的问题由社会的共时权力结构转向对社会历时现实化的分析。

Porcelain Mosaic Ornamentation, mainly distributed in southern Fujian, Chaoshan and Taiwan in south- east China, is a unique craft for the roof decoration of folk temples. This paper, from the perspective of the related special- ists, summarizes the style and symbolism of the Porcelain Mosaic Ornamentation of Lord Guan Temple in Dongshan , Fu- jian Province, and reveals its ideological structure historically and symbolically through its legitimacy in the Ming and Qing dynasty. With the above discussion, it is proposed that the ideology of folk beliefs is the product of the actualization of collective memory and that the problem of the origin of legitimacy is shifted from the synchronic power structure of soci- ety to the analysis of the social realization of the diachronic reality.