笑意、言象与得时:《庄子》“丧我”人格新释

Meaningful Laughter,Linguistic Images,and Temporal Fitness:New Interpretation to the Ideal Personality of “Egolessness” in Chuang-Tzu

庄子通过叙写《逍遥游》中蜩与学鸠、斥鴳与宋荣子之笑,《秋水》中河伯与海若的对话,以"言""意""象"多种形式,展示了不同人格化主体笑意背后的小大境界,阐释了小大之辩的认知意义与传道目的。在人格化主体摒除大小成见、走向齐物丧我的发展过程中,"时"成为圣人与君子选择"为"与"无为"的重要标准,也成为儒道两家界定理想人格的价值取向。轮扁斫轮与庖丁解牛两则寓言说明了"时"之永续性及其与"道"的共存,在此之间,"丧我"的"圣之时者"舒缓了道家要义与世俗价值之间的紧张关系。

By describing the laughter of a cicada,a dovelet,a marsh sparrow and Master Sung in Carefree Wandering,and the dialogues between the Earl of River and the Overlord of the Northern Sea in Autumn Floods,Chuang-Tzu displayed the greatness and smallness behind the laughter of different impersonate subjects,and interpreted the cognitive significance in the differentiation between greatness and smallness.In the course of impersonate subjects getting rid of the conventional prejudice as regards greatness and smallness and developing towards equality and egolessness,the＂times＂has turned into a significant standard for a sage to choose between taking initiative and laisser-faire,and also into the value orientation for Confucianism and Taoism in defining ideal personality.