从梁代的文化政策看梁武帝的玄学利用策略

Strategies of Emperor Xiao Yan in Exploiting Metaphysics Viewed from His Cultural Policies

萧梁立国之初,梁武帝推行了两项文化政策,一是复兴儒学,二是舍道事佛,这两项政策都包含着贬抑玄学的政治目的。但同时,梁武帝及其子弟又积极倡导、参与清谈,促成了玄学的复盛。这种看似矛盾的情形反映出,对萧梁皇族而言,在政治领域排斥以分权为基本诉求的玄学,是稳固政权的必然选择;同时为取得文化主导地位,增加政权获得的合法性,在文化领域接受玄学,并引导皇族迅速玄学化,也是其不得不面对的现实需求。为了实现二者平衡,梁武帝的策略是整合多种文化资源,使之在不同的领域发挥最大作用。

At the very beginning of the Liang Dynasty,Emperor Xiao Yan put forward two cultural policies.One is to revive Confucianism,and the other is to worship Buddhism while abandoning Taoism.Both contain the political purpose of belittling Metaphysics.But at the same time,Emperor Xiao Yan and his children advocated and participated in idle talks,leading to the prosperity of Metaphysics.This seemingly contradictory situation shows that,on one hand,the royal family of Xiao intended to consolidate their regime by repressing Metaphysics which demanded decentralization,and on the other hand,they had to satisfy the realistic demands by gaining the dominant position in culture through the acceptance of Metaphysics.In order to achieve the balance between the two policies,Emperor Xiao Yan managed to integrate a variety of cultural resources,maximizing their respective roles in different fields.