肺结核患者的病耻感现状及其影响因素

Stigma status and its influencing factors in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

目的:调查肺结核患者的病耻感情况,并分析其影响因素。方法:采用结核病相关病耻感量表、应对自我效能感量表、家庭亲密度和适应性量表对108名肺结核患者进行横断面调查。结果:肺结核患者病耻感的平均得分为9.63±3.94,负面经历的得分为4.60±1.89,情感反应的得分为2.14±1.07,应对方式的得分为2.89±1.38。多元线性回归分析结果显示年龄、学历、应对自我效能感、家庭亲密度和适应性均为其影响因素(P<0.01),共可解释52.8%的方差变异量。结论:肺结核患者广泛存在病耻感,在临床工作中应重点关注年龄较大及文化程度较低的患者,加强对患者的健康宣教,提升患者应对自我效能的水平,加强调动与患者相关的家庭支持因素,以降低病耻感对患者造成的不良影响。

Objective： To investigate the stigma of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, and analyze its influencing factors. Methods： A total of 108 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were tested by the tuberculosis related stigma scale, coping self-efficacy scale, family adaptability and Cohesion Scale. Results： The average score of the stigma in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was 9.63±3.94, the negative experiences was 4.60±1.89, the emotional reactions was 2.14±1.07, the coping style was 2.89±1.38; multiple linear regression analysis showed that age, education, coping self-efficacy, family cohesion and adaptability were the influencing factors（P〈0.01）, which account for 52.8% of the variance. Conclusion： Pulmonary tuberculosis patients with widespread stigma. Medical staff should focus on older and less educated patients, strengthen the health education of patients, improve patient coping self-efficacy level, and strengthen family support factors related to mobilize and patients, in order to reduce the adverse effects caused by the stigma of patients.