论元代的古琴并及“元琴”不应成为古琴断代的概念

On The Yuan-Dynasty Qin-Zither(Gǔ Qín) and The Concept of 'Yuán Qín'Might Be Wrong in The Period Research of Classical Chinese Qin-Zither of Ages

本文承郑珉中先生唐宋琴器论述之馀绪,试为探究元代的古琴。究竟何为"元琴",向来从未有可信的说法,盖因无法总结出元代古琴独有的工艺特点。笔者通过对史料和存世琴器的研究,先以横跨宋元的斲琴师严古清为个案,分析认为元代前期的琴器,与南宋后期古琴风格一致,无法分别;再考察向所认为的"元琴"唯一代表性人物朱致远的生平,指出其斲琴生涯横跨元明,实为明琴风格的开创性人物,由此事例,可知元末明初琴器亦无法分别。综言之,如未有可靠的署年号腹款,元代的古琴,或与南宋后期琴一致,或与明前期琴一致,只可能分别断之为"宋元琴"和"元明琴"。也就是说,不存在具有统一时代风格的"元琴","元琴"不应成为古琴断代的概念。

Following Mr. Zheng Minzhong s research on the Tang-Song Chinese Qin-zither, a sevenstringed plucked instrument called 'Gǔ Qín' in Chinese pinyin(Gǔ means ancient time while Qín means musical stringed instrument in here, therefore, 'Gǔ Qín' refers to a kind of Chinese classical stringed musical instrument), this thesis explores 'Gǔ Qín' of the Yuan dynasty('Yuan Qin' for short), for there is not yet a fully convincing statement to define 'Yuan Qin' owing to the lack of a general description of its unique craftsmanship. The analysis based on historical documents and extant objects and the cases study of Yan Guqing who was a stringed instrument maker of the Song-Yuan dynasties and Zhu Zhiyuan who was known as the stringed instrument maker of the Yuan-Ming dynasties and the creator of 'Ming Qin' style——the Chinese Qin-zither of the Ming dynasty arrives at the conclusion that the Gǔ Qín of the late Yuan to early Ming dynasties share the features the same as the Gǔ Qín of the late Southern-Song to early Yuan periods. Simply speaking, the so called 'Yuan Qin' is made of 'Song-Yuan Qin' and 'Yuan-Ming Qin' by style and feature except the Qin-zither bearing the certain reign title. There is no typical 'Yuan Qin', let alone the concept of 'Yuan Qin' that is wrongly used to divide the history periods of classical Chinese stringed instruments(Gǔ Qín) of separate ages.