基于Delft 3D模拟海南清澜潮汐汊道动力对人类活动的响应

RESPONSE OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON TIDAL HYDRODYNAMICS OF HAINAN QINGLAN TIDAL INLET SYSTEM BASED ON DELFT 3D MODEL

基于Delft 3D模型和1962年、1985年、2015年海图及实测水深资料，结合同期观测的潮位资料，研究人类活动对海南省文昌市东南部清澜潟湖-潮汐汊道-沙坝系统的潮汐动力、潮通量与涨落潮历时以及潮汐特征时空分布的影响。结果表明，不同人类活动对清澜潮汐汊道的水动力影响不同，口门西侧的围填工程和潟湖内的围填围垦活动使潮汐动力略有减弱，而航道疏浚和潮汐汊道围塘则使潮汐动力明显增强。潟湖围垦活动对O1、K1、M2、S2等分潮的传播有一定抑制作用，而航道疏浚及潮汐汊道内的围填活动则存在明显增强的作用，影响程度因分潮而异。

The Qinglan inlet, a typical tidal inlet and lagoon system in China＇s Hainan Province, has been investigated by a series of observations and a two-dimensional numerical model. Due to its superior natural conditions, this area was over-developed by human in the past decades. In order to investigate the change of tidal hydrodynamic characteristics of the inlet caused by human activities, in this paper, a month-long observation and three different periods＇ simulation of tidal level were sampled and analyzed. Based on the Delft 3D model and water depth data（1962,1985 and 2015）, the impact of human activities on tidal hydrodynamic, tidal flux, flood and ebb tidal duration, temporal and spatial distribution of Qinglan tidal inlet system was analyzed. The results show that：（1）The Delft 3D model can be used well to simulate the tidal process in Qinglan inlet by comparing tidal observations in the same period; （2）Based on the model, we calculated the total flood tide flux of Qinglan inlet will be 3.45×107 m3, 3.55×107 m3 and 5.40×107 m3 in 1962,1985 and 2015 respectively; The flood and ebb tidal duration were similar in 1962 and 2015, while the flood tidal duration might be 1~2 hours less and ebb tidal duration was 1~2 hours more; （3）Different human activities have diverse effects on Qinglan tidal hydrodynamic, the reclamation project in west entrance and enclose for cultivation in lagoon weaken tidal hydrodynamic, while dredging harbor channel and enclosing in tidal inlet can be enhanced. The enclosing activities in lagoon limit the spread of 4 principal tide（O1, K1, M2, and S2）, while dredging harbor channel and enclosing tidal inlet activities have obvious enhance effect, but the influence is different in each tide. The study of this inlet may provide a reference base for inlets of similar type along the South China coast.