观赏植物与生物入侵

Ornamental Plants and Biological Invasion

观赏植物是造成生物入侵的重要途径之一,生物入侵不仅带来一系列环境问题,还产生巨大的经济损失。该研究对引种观赏植物逃逸后成为入侵植物的机制进行了总结。结果表明:观赏入侵植物的入侵途径主要有,1)通过高的生物量和凋落物的快速分解增加土壤营养物质;2)逃避天敌和致病生物;3)抢夺光照资源;4)改变土壤丛枝菌根和微生物群落;5)增加固氮菌和土壤酶活性;6)产生化感物质等6个因素。在与土著植物竞争时,入侵植物通过这些入侵策略在群落中处于优势地位。同时,在入侵植物的引种管理中需要建立正确的评价机制、加强引种风险认识、增加生态学知识、提高入侵植物与人类健康的意识;在法规方面应该建立健全相关法规制度,尽量避免引种造成的入侵。

Ornamental plants are important source of biological invasion.Biological invasion has caused a series of environmental problems and brsought huge economic losses.There were some possible mechanisms affecting soil processes and inhibiting indigenous plants involving,arbuscular mycorrhizal,microbial community,soil enzyme activity,nitrogen fixing bacteria,pathogenic organisms and allelochemicals.There were lacks of reasonable evaluation mechanism,management methods,and the impact on human health,the lack of risk awareness and introduction of ecological knowledge.We proposed to establish and improve the relevant legal system,establish and improve the introduction of standardized technical system,increase public awareness of the protection of ecological environment in preventing biological invasion.