高盐膳食对机体健康的影响及与肠道微生物的关系

Effect of high-salt diet on health: Relationship with intestinal microflora

盐是日常生活中最基本、最常用的调味品和必需品,也是各类膳食制作必不可少的重要组成部分,在食品制备和保存上起了至关重要的作用.人们日益重视对健康饮食的追求,以减少与膳食相关疾病的发生,达到促进健康的目的.这也促使盐摄入量逐渐成为与之相关疾病研究的焦点,越来越多的营养宣教、疾病防治将食盐摄入量作为健康膳食的核心内容.本文述评国内外研究进展,从机体转化、肠道微生物、代谢产物和流行病学调查等多方面讨论了高盐对肾脏、高血压、内分泌等多种慢性疾病的危害,提出高盐膳食通过影响肠道菌群而对机体产生危害的潜在作用机制,为慢性疾病的防治开拓新的思路和方向,为科学的制定膳食方案提供新参考和依据.

Salt is the most basic and commonly used seasoning agent in daily diet. It is an important part of all kinds of food and plays a vital role in food preparation and preservation. People are increasingly in pursuit of a healthy diet to reduce the incidence of dietary-related diseases and to improve their health. Salt intake and related diseases have become the focus of research, and salt intake is considered the main factor for a healthy diet. This paper reviews the progress in research of the effect of high-salt diet on health with regard to intestinal microbiota, metabolic pathogenicity, and epidemiological investigation, and other aspects of salt consumption. Cardiovascular, endocrine, and other chronic diseases have been associated with high salt diet. A better understanding of the effect of high salt intake on health can improve the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases and provide new ideas for the development of scientific diet programs.