财政压力对深化改革的影响研究——基于1990年代服务业改革的经验与教训

The Impact of Financial Pressure on Deepening Reform——The Experiences and Lessons of Service Sector Reform In 1990s

以放权让利为主线的经济体制改革进行到20世纪90年代时,造成了日益严重的财政压力。如何通过深化改革缓解财政压力,是当时面临的一个重要问题。因此,在90年代,通过对服务业的市场化改革与价格改革,有效地增加了财政收入,并减少政府在此方面的财政支出,从而缓解了财政压力。但是,这一时期的服务业改革,强调了服务业改革对缓解财政压力的作用,而对政府责任没有厘清,并为实现收入最大化而维持行政垄断,这导致了服务业改革目标并没有完全实现。从未来看,全面深化服务业改革对提高服务业发展效率、缓解财政压力具有一定的作用。

The reform of the economic system, characterized by empowerment and profit dominance, caused great financial pressure in 1990s. How to ease the growing financial pressure through deepening reform was an important issue at that time. The fiscal revenue was effectively increased and the governmental financial expenditure in this area was reduced in the 1990s through the market-based reform and price reform of the service sector, which eased the financial pressure accordingly. However, the reform in service sector at that time paid more attention to ease financial pressure than to clarify governmental responsibility, which caused the incomplete reform and administrative monopoly in service sector. In the future, comprehensively deepening the reform of the service sector will play a certain role in raising the efficiency of service sector and alleviating the financial pressure.