海南“候鸟式”养老的负外部性调查及其消除策略探析

An Investigation on the Negative Externality of "Migratory Bird" Care of the Aged in Hainan and its Elimination Strategy

随着老龄化社会的到来,海南近年来迎接着大规模的＂候鸟式＂养老群体,他们的消费在拉动海南经济发展的同时,也给本地居民的日常生活带来了困扰。文章以调研数据和访谈资料为基础,首先分析了＂候鸟式＂老人来琼旅居的季节性和聚居特点,进而剖析大规模＂候鸟式＂养老导致的城市公共交通系统季节性超负荷运行、居民生活垃圾处理系统不堪重负、医疗服务容量供不应求、公共休闲空间捉襟见肘、岛内物价被季节性推高、社会资源被季节性浪费等一系列的负外部性问题,并在此基础上提出提高＂候鸟式＂老人使用公共资源和公共服务设施的价格、引导他们发挥余热,助力美好新海南建设等消除负外部性的策略。

With the arrival of an aging society, a large-scale group of ＂migratory birds＂ care for the aged to Hainan recent years. Their consumption has stimulated the economic development of Hainan, but also brought trouble to the daily life of local residents. Based on the research data and interview data, this paper ana-lyzes the seasonal and living characteristics of the ＂migratory birds＂ care for the aged, and then analyzes the seasonal and overloading of the urban public transport system caused by the large-scale group of ＂migrato-ry birds＂, such as life garbage system is overwhelmed, the capacity of medical services supply is in short, the public leisure space is stretched, the price on the island is pushed up seasonally, the social resources are seasonally wasted and a series of negative external problems. And on this basis, the conclusion is to increase prices of public resources and public service facilities prices when ＂Migratory birds＂ use, guide them to take part in the construction of a good new Hainan to eliminate negative external strategy.